久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

US EUROPE AFRICA ASIA 中文
China / Cover Story

New vision for university education?

By Yang Yao (China Daily) Updated: 2014-05-22 07:43

New vision for university education?

The blind and visually impaired will be allowed to take China's university entrance exam for the first time this year, but some critics say the move is little more than window dressing, as Yang Yao reports.

As a boy, Li Jinsheng dreamed of becoming a lawyer. However, his family was poor, so he left school at age 18 without taking the gaokao, China's national university entrance exam, and started working to support his parents.

His childhood dream refused to fade though, so, in addition to providing for his family, Li squirreled away what little cash he could save in the hope of finally achieving his ambition. However, by 1994, when he'd amassed enough money to think about entering higher education, his hopes were crushed after an accident resulted in the gradual deterioration, and then complete loss, of the sight in both eyes. Like many blind people in China, Li's access to university was blocked by his disability, so the ex-farmer from Queshan county, Zhumadian city in Henan province had no alternative but to earn a living as a "blind masseur".

Now, the 46-year-old, who claims to have an eidetic, or photographic, memory, has been granted fresh hope. On March 28, the Ministry of Education announced officially that this year, for the first time, the blind and visually impaired will be allowed to take the gaokao, and will be provided with the necessary assistance and tools to enable them to do so.

"It is a little beam of hope after the long years of struggle," Li said. "Although I have the ability - and the right, according to the law - to take the exam and study law at a university, I've never been given the chance. I know that in other countries many blind people become lawyers. We don't have that environment yet, but I will fight for it," he said.

Although he realizes that his advanced age means the chances of him becoming a fully practicing lawyer are very slim, Li is determined to push for his cause to publicize the plight of the blind and visually impaired.

Special skills for special cases

Visual impairment changes the way children obtain information about the world around them and limits opportunities to learn via the visual elements in the school curriculum and elsewhere. This means that, in addition to regular classroom studies, blind or visually impaired children need to embrace specialized skills, said Han Yao, who works for an NGO called Yi Xin that promotes disabled people's rights, teaching children with visual impairments.

"The special skills they must learn include the proficient use of technology and computers, reading and writing in Braille, reading large print, and the use of optical devices. They must also undergo training in the optimum use of their available vision, how to explore career preferences, and how to participate in work experience programs using non-visual methods," she said.

"They should also be trained to use specific orientation and mobility techniques to learn about social interaction and independent living skills," she added.

However, according to Li Weihong, vice-president of China Blind People's Association, in special education schools, blind and visually impaired students have little contact with the school curriculum, while in regular schools where a system of inclusive education is used, a lack of capable teachers means they don't receive good, specialized and skilled training.

"There is a severe shortage of qualified teachers for visually impaired students, which restricts access to the specialized skills these children need," Li said.

The blind and visually impaired are well suited to a number of occupations, such as the law, social work and teaching. They shouldn't be restricted to "traditional" work, such as masseurs, Li said, pointing out that there are at least 4,000 visually impaired lawyers in the United States.

"There are 147 occupations in US suited to the blind and visually impaired. In Germany, the government provides 49 different types of vocational training for visually challenged people," he added.

According to Li, most countries provide all the equipment and training required so the blind and visually impaired can take exams, such as papers in Braille, large print, electronic aids and audio guides.

"This year, the association proposed to the Ministry of Education that we could help translate the gaokao exam papers into Braille," he said.

By Yang Yao

The struggle

Li's struggle began 14 years ago. After a long period of self-study, he spent 15 months requesting to be allowed to take a vocational degree to become a qualified masseur. Although his petitions were originally submitted to the education authority in Zhumadian, the papers were sent to Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan province, and then forwarded to the Ministry of Education in Beijing before he was granted official approval.

Following graduation, Li began work, but his thoughts kept returning to the gaokao and he began to petition for the right to take it. In September, Li was notified that he would be allowed to take the exam this year. He was advised that the exam papers would be printed in Braille, the script for the blind, but he was dissatisfied because his knowledge of Braille is extremely poor. He applied to use audio papers to take the exam, which will be held between June 7 and 9, but so far to no avail.

Having studied the Law on the Protection of Disabled Persons, Li knows that Article 18 states, "The State shall guarantee the right of disabled persons to education". He feels he isn't being given a fair crack of the whip.

"I can't accept the way this change is being implemented, so I need to fight for my rights. The notice said the authorities will provide the most convenient way of taking the exam, and so they should! If they refuse to give me audio papers, I will continue to petition. Each paper is two-hours in length, but I will also need an extra hour for each one, which I think is reasonable."

No smooth path

There are about 85 million disabled people in China. Of them, more than 13 million are blind or visually impaired, accounting for 18 percent of the global blind population.

The latest data from the China Disabled Persons' Federation show that 28 percent of school-aged children with disabilities in China still cannot enroll at school. The federation's report, released in March, said that at the end of last year, 84,000 disabled children - 5,000 with visual impairments - remained outside the State education system. Children with special needs face greater difficulty in accessing education compared with their able-bodied counterparts, who have an enrolment rate of 99.85.

While experts see the policy change as a welcome move, they said it won't guarantee a smooth path to higher education.

"Although the blind are now allowed to take the exam, university admission still remains elusive," said Fu Gaoshan, the founder of the One Plus One Disabled Persons' Cultural Development Center, an organization in Beijing that fights for the rights of disabled people.

Fu, whose vision is so bad that he can barely distinguish the blurred outlines of objects, said universities do not normally admit blind people because they don't have the necessary facilities, especially textbooks in Braille, and are unable to offer career guidance for blind or visually impaired students because of discrimination in the workplace.

"Even though admission is now open to the blind and visually impaired, very few will actually take the exam because they, and disabled people as a whole, have received a much lower level of education in the State system," Fu said.

"Of course it seems progressive and exciting, but when one examines the change more closely, it just looks like window dressing," he added.

In fact, according to the Yirenping Center, a nonprofit organization dedicated to the promotion of social justice, only two blind or visually impaired students will take the gaokao this year - Li and another student who preferred not to be named.

Minor majors

Although opportunities for the blind and visually impaired to access higher education are extremely limited in China, despite moves to widen the options, three universities have been willing to admit disabled students for some time. One of them, Changchun University in Jilin province, first accepted blind students in 1987, but like the other schools, the only majors it offered were massage techniques and music. More than three decades later, the situation hasn't changed.

Han Yao, a blind woman from Shenyang in Northeast China's Liaoning province, who attended Changchun University in 2004 to study massage techniques, said that most of her fellow graduates became masseurs, a skill that doesn't require a degree. According to Han, many of her peers showed promise in other disciplines, but were unable to exploit their gifts. "It's such a waste of talent," she said.

In Han's experience, the Chinese education system reflects society and excludes disabled people from the mainstream. "We lag behind from the very start," she said.

Previous Page 1 2 Next Page

Highlights
Hot Topics
...
久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

    蜜桃91丨九色丨蝌蚪91桃色| 成人蜜臀av电影| 精品久久五月天| 成人在线视频一区| 亚洲精品午夜久久久| 欧美精选在线播放| 国产在线视频一区二区三区| 国产精品毛片久久久久久| 欧美综合天天夜夜久久| 久久99精品网久久| 亚洲日本电影在线| 91精品国产乱| 丁香五精品蜜臀久久久久99网站 | 懂色av一区二区在线播放| 一区二区三区视频在线看| 欧美一区二区三区免费大片| 国产成人精品免费在线| 亚洲国产精品影院| 久久久久久久久久久久电影| 在线看一区二区| 国产揄拍国内精品对白| 亚洲最快最全在线视频| 久久亚洲私人国产精品va媚药| 色欧美乱欧美15图片| 麻豆精品精品国产自在97香蕉| 亚洲欧洲av在线| 日韩欧美电影在线| 色综合一个色综合| 久久99九九99精品| 一区二区三区 在线观看视频| 日韩三级视频在线观看| 色综合网站在线| 国产在线乱码一区二区三区| 一片黄亚洲嫩模| 国产欧美视频一区二区| 欧美伦理视频网站| av在线不卡免费看| 久久国产婷婷国产香蕉| 亚洲精品久久7777| 国产区在线观看成人精品| 欧美日产在线观看| 99久久精品国产一区二区三区| 麻豆精品久久精品色综合| 亚洲最大色网站| 国产精品乱码一区二区三区软件| 日韩一级免费一区| 在线精品亚洲一区二区不卡| 高清不卡在线观看| 九九久久精品视频| 三级一区在线视频先锋| 亚洲另类在线一区| 中文字幕的久久| 精品国产乱码久久久久久老虎| 91成人在线观看喷潮| 成人午夜私人影院| 九一久久久久久| 天堂一区二区在线| 亚洲永久免费av| 中文字幕在线免费不卡| 久久综合av免费| 欧美一级欧美三级| 久久亚洲一级片| 欧美另类变人与禽xxxxx| 91蝌蚪porny成人天涯| 国产大陆亚洲精品国产| 久草中文综合在线| 日本欧美加勒比视频| 亚洲自拍偷拍图区| 亚洲免费电影在线| 中文字幕中文字幕一区二区| 久久久天堂av| 精品精品国产高清a毛片牛牛| 3atv一区二区三区| 在线看不卡av| 91久久线看在观草草青青| 91视视频在线观看入口直接观看www| 国产不卡视频在线播放| 狠狠狠色丁香婷婷综合激情| 奇米影视在线99精品| 日韩国产一二三区| 婷婷六月综合网| 婷婷国产在线综合| 午夜精品福利在线| 午夜精品久久久久久久| 亚洲国产一区二区三区| 亚洲动漫第一页| 亚洲亚洲人成综合网络| 一区二区三区四区五区视频在线观看| 中文字幕在线播放不卡一区| 国产精品免费视频一区| 国产精品久久久久久久久免费丝袜 | 欧美日韩一区二区三区四区| 欧美性大战久久| 精品污污网站免费看| 欧美精品日日鲁夜夜添| 欧美高清dvd| 日韩欧美资源站| 精品国产乱码91久久久久久网站| 日韩精品一区国产麻豆| 欧美精品一区二区三区视频| 国产夜色精品一区二区av| 国产欧美视频在线观看| 国产精品盗摄一区二区三区| 亚洲欧洲www| 亚洲综合色噜噜狠狠| 香蕉加勒比综合久久| 肉肉av福利一精品导航| 老司机午夜精品| 国产在线视频不卡二| 成人一区二区三区| 一本久久综合亚洲鲁鲁五月天| 在线一区二区视频| 欧美精品 日韩| 精品美女在线播放| 国产片一区二区三区| 国产精品久久久久久妇女6080 | 国产精品99久久久久久有的能看| 粉嫩aⅴ一区二区三区四区| 色综合视频在线观看| 欧美日韩国产高清一区| 日韩精品一区二区三区在线| 国产欧美视频一区二区三区| 亚洲欧美国产77777| 首页国产丝袜综合| 国产伦精品一区二区三区免费迷| 成人免费福利片| 欧美性videosxxxxx| 欧美一区二区在线视频| 国产偷v国产偷v亚洲高清| 亚洲欧美成人一区二区三区| 日韩精品国产欧美| 国产99久久精品| 在线观看日韩av先锋影音电影院| 91精品国产综合久久蜜臀| 久久久久久久久久久黄色| 亚洲另类一区二区| 美女视频黄免费的久久| 不卡视频一二三| 欧美丰满少妇xxxxx高潮对白| 久久一二三国产| 夜夜嗨av一区二区三区中文字幕 | 日本一区二区三区在线不卡| 一区二区三区在线视频观看58| 日本美女一区二区三区| 成人免费不卡视频| 91麻豆精品国产91久久久久久久久| 国产午夜亚洲精品不卡| 亚洲一区在线观看视频| 国产精品一区免费视频| 欧美色窝79yyyycom| 久久久久亚洲蜜桃| 亚洲一区视频在线| 国产精品夜夜嗨| 欧美日韩一区成人| 国产欧美日韩卡一| 五月婷婷欧美视频| 成人精品一区二区三区四区| 在线电影国产精品| 国产精品的网站| 狠狠久久亚洲欧美| 欧美色图免费看| 亚洲国产精品成人综合 | 丁香婷婷深情五月亚洲| 欧美日韩国产首页在线观看| 欧美高清在线视频| 美腿丝袜亚洲色图| 在线免费视频一区二区| 欧美激情一区三区| 亚洲成av人综合在线观看| 成人午夜碰碰视频| 91精品国产乱码久久蜜臀| 亚洲免费观看在线观看| 国产盗摄精品一区二区三区在线| 在线播放一区二区三区| 亚洲桃色在线一区| 国产激情精品久久久第一区二区 | 日本vs亚洲vs韩国一区三区二区 | 日韩一区二区在线看片| 亚洲精品视频一区二区| 国产福利精品一区| 欧美一区二区高清| 亚洲午夜久久久久久久久电影网 | 久久无码av三级| 日本女人一区二区三区| 欧美主播一区二区三区| 国产精品国产自产拍在线| 国产真实精品久久二三区| 日韩视频在线你懂得| 亚洲午夜精品在线| av在线综合网| 国产亚洲精品福利| 精品一区免费av| 3d动漫精品啪啪| 午夜精品福利一区二区三区av| 91丨九色丨国产丨porny| 欧美激情综合在线| 国产在线播放一区| 精品久久人人做人人爰| 免费成人结看片| 欧美一区二区三区色|