The walls are nine meters high, supplemented by 1.7-meter-high buttress walls on the outer sides and 0.9-meter-high parapet walls on the inner sides. The parts of the walls under six meters high were built with yellow earth and then enhanced with adobes in the above parts. Being 6.6 meters wide at the bottom and two meters wide at the top, the city walls feature a distinct narrowing shape down-top.

The inner city has two gates in the east and the west, named "Guanghua Gate" and "Rouyuan Gate", respectively. On each of the gates, a three-storey tower with three gable and hip roofs was constructed facing each other, named "Guanghua Tower" and "Rouyuan Tower", respectively. The 17-meter-high towers sit on the same central axis with the pass tower. Brick corner towers are set up at all four corners while one watch tower sits in the middle of each of the southern and northern walls. Constructions inside the city include the guerrilla general's residence, the government well, the mansion, guard barracks and warehouses.

Outside the east and west gates of the inner city are two urn cities, each outside one gate, both opened to the south. The one in the east is named "Chao Zong" and the one in the west, "Hui Ji". The enclosure city is located outside the west urn city, taking an inverted-T shape leaning against the west wall of the outer city, and built with grey-green bricks with a length of 287.7 meters and a height of 10.5 meters. The big part of the enclosure city is installed with an arched door as the front gate of the pass city.

With the inscription of "嘉峪關" (Jiayu Pass) on the plague, the gate has a wooden structure tower with triple-eaved gable and hip roofs. On both the southern and northern ends of these walls, battlement towers are built to connect with the walls of the outer city.