久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

Global EditionASIA 中文雙語Fran?ais
Opinion
Home / Opinion / Featured Contributors

NATO part of US ocean-front strategy

By Digby James Wren | chinadaily.com.cn | Updated: 2023-02-02 11:32
Share
Share - WeChat
Flags fly outside NATO headquarters in Brussels, Belgium, November 16, 2022. [Photo/Agencies]

Across three oceans, the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific, and two fronts, the First Island Chain centered on Taiwan, and the Baltic to Black Sea Cordon centered on Ukraine, the United States has been trying to regain its global military dominance and political pre-eminence since former US president George W. Bush launched the disastrous "War on Terror" in 2001 to supposedly fight global terrorism.

Washington's strategy to thwart any power that has the potential to become a regional leader and threaten the US' global primacy is focused on the Eurasian super-continent in Eastern Europe to counter Russia and the Western Pacific to counter China.

Vacillating India in 'Indo-Pacific' strategy

Back in 1972, by acknowledging that "all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait maintain there is but one China and that Taiwan is a part of China" in the Shanghai Communique, Washington fulfilled its need to establish a détente with China so it could disengage from Southeast Asia (the Vietnam War) in order to concentrate its efforts on thwarting the Soviet Union.

However, the US' 2016 "Indo-Pacific" strategy shows that it is desperate to curb China's rise but cannot do so without the help of Japan and India (or other major allies). The Quadrilateral Dialogue (or Quad which comprises the US, Australia, India and Japan) and AUKUS alliance (Australia, the United Kingdom and the US) are testament to the fact that, unlike Australia and the UK, Japan and India and are not mere US auxiliaries in the implementation of the "Indo-Pacific" strategy.

Despite US inducements and coercion, India has been promoting multipolarity and de-dollarization. And apart from maintaining, rather strengthening, its energy and arms trade with Russia despite the Russia-Ukraine conflict, India has also become more influential globally thanks to its participation in the Quad, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa).

While India's participation is limited in the US-led Indo-Pacific Economic Framework, it has not joined regional multilateral trade arrangements such as the ASEAN-led Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership or the Japan-led Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership.

Japan faces deep structural challenges

Japan has much to gain from promoting trade and investment with India, and sees mutual security benefits in promoting the Sea Lines of Communication across the Indian Ocean. Yet Japan faces deep structural challenges including, a depreciating currency, rising import costs for food, energy and industrial inputs, declining exports, increasing current account deficits and massive public debt. For example, Japan's vehicle export industry lags years behind China's BYD and the US' Tesla in electric vehicle manufacturing and exports. Also, Japan's internal combustion engine vehicle exports have dropped, and Toyota has become the world's most indebted auto company.

True, "Abenomics" failed to revive Japan's economy. But former Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe's quest to remove Article 9 from Japan's pacifist Constitution and embark on full rearmament has been progressing rather well with the tacit support of the US.

Also, Japan's refusal to sign a peace treaty with the Soviet Union in the past, and its support to the US-led sanctions regime, point to its long-held hope in gaining an upper hand in Japan-Russia's dispute over the islands known as the Southern Kurils in Russia and the Northern Territories in Japan, all of which have important security advantages and significant economic resources.

Continuation of NATO's enlargement policy

The US retreat from Afghanistan and the collapse of its Central Asia campaign prompted NATO to shift its line of operations to Russia's western periphery along a line of NATO states from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea and involve Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece and Turkiye.

Despite the reticence of Hungary and Turkiye, NATO's proxy war in Ukraine — portrayed by NATO as an act of "self-defense" and by Russia as a continuation of NATO's enlargement policy — is being sustained by Ukrainian blood, and the supply of money, materials, arms, intelligence, mercenaries and training by the US and other NATO members and allies. Incidentally, the supply of money and materials is aided by the most stringent sanctions campaign and the US' theft of Russia's foreign reserves.

Yet the Russia-Ukraine conflict can also be seen as NATO's rear-guard action to counter the growing closeness and influence of the eight member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, India and Pakistan. Of special concern to the US and NATO is the EU's continued import of energy from Russia and increasing supply of manufactured goods and advanced telecommunications equipment from China.

Also causing concern to Washington is the expanding infrastructure connectivity thanks to the development of the Belt and Road Initiative, which links the SCO member states with their EU counterparts and sustains increasing volumes of East-West trade and investment.

Moreover, the growing desire of EU states, under the leadership of former German Chancellor Angela Merkel and, later, French President Emmanuel Macron to gain "strategic autonomy" after Bush launched the "War on Terror" was seen in Washington as a serious threat to NATO's cohesion and the US' ability to counter the growing influence of Russia and China.

As a result, the US expanded the reach of its political campaigns in the EU to re-impose its centrality in NATO, strengthen NATO's military alliance and promote the sale of US energy. As for Brexit, which Washington openly supported, it accelerated the UK's economic decline, though it ensured the UK retained its United Nations Security Council seat.

But the sacrifice of the wider national interests of the 27 EU member states for the benefit of the US was inconsistent with the EU's inclusive and mutually beneficial policy. In fact, Brexit helped expand the US' influence in the EU and NATO by undermining the EU and increasing the UK's dependency on the US. On its part, the US has supported the EU's expansion always on condition that the European bloc supports NATO's expansion.

US propaganda about Germany's over-dependence on Russian energy and the importance of NATO was launched before the resignation of Merkel as German chancellor, which saw the Christian Democratic Union replaced by a weak "traffic light" coalition of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), Free Democratic Party (FDP) and the Green Party — the first three-party coalition government in Germany since the end of World War II.

The new coalition government in Germany acquiesced to US demands and reversed its decision on both Nord Stream 2 and NATO's involvement in Ukraine.

Nord Stream 2 stretches for 1,200 kilometres from Vyborg in Russia through the Baltic Sea to Lubmin in Germany, bypassing Ukraine and Poland. It was expected to expand the Nord Stream I line and double the annual supply of Russian gas to 110 billion cubic meters.

Germany, France vital for EU's autonomy

However, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz resisted the US' coercion for some time, and the US demands for ever more German weapons and money for Ukraine, but has increased Germany's defense spending, especially on F-35 fighters, undermining the EU's defense/aero-space sector and creating long-term dependency on the US defense industry and the Pentagon. Germany's economy remains durable, though, in spite of the rising energy costs and tougher global competition.

However, like Japan, Germany's auto-manufacturing sector lags years behind BYD and Tesla. As a matter of fact, the auto-sector in the EU could experience a wave of bankruptcies and restructuring, not to mention that Volkswagen has become the world's second-most indebted corporation — after Toyota.

Many of Germany's largest automakers have struck deals with China to make and supply cars, car parts and car systems. Scholz visited China before the G20 Summit in Bali in 2022 with the aim of strengthening Sino-German commercial ties. And more recently, with support from the French, Scholz complained bitterly about the huge amount of subsidy the US administration pays to automakers and the inflated US energy prices, saying they undermine EU restructuring efforts and post-pandemic recovery.

Macron's strong support for the EU's strategic autonomy and opposition to the US' policy on NATO and Russia were targeted by a US campaign to weaken his chances of being re-elected French president in 2022. The US also engineered the cancellation of two multi-billion-euro defense contracts: Australia cancelled the AUD90 billion ($63.48 billion) submarine deal with France and formed AUKUS with the UK and the US under which the latter two will assist Australia to acquire nuclear-powered submarines by the mid 2030s and replaced the Airbus MRH90 Taipans currently used by Australia's military by the US-built Blackhawk helicopters.

The US also tried to coerce and cajole Greece into cancelling a €3 billion ($3.25 billion) deal to buy French frigates and instead purchasing US-made combat frigates, which the Greeks eventually declined.

All this forced Macron to go to the polls despite the loss of revenues worth tens of billions and thousands of jobs, and the violent demonstrators by the Yellow Vest protesters against the increase in petrol tax. While Macron won the presidential election in the second round, his party couldn't gain majority in the parliamentary elections, with no party winning absolute or simple majority for the first time since 1988, which has constrained his political program during his second term in office but expanded US influence.

US hard to drives wedges between China, ASEAN

In the Association of Southeastern Asian Nations, too, the US has been trying to occupy center stage by inducing, coercing and/or cajoling six ASEAN member states (Singapore, Brunei, Vietnam, the Philippines, Thailand and Malaysia) to sway the bloc toward isolating Myanmar, Cambodia and Laos. The US' efforts to drive a wedge between ASEAN and other economies as well as divide ASEAN has prompted some ASEAN member states to delay or refuse to sign the China-sponsored South China Sea code of conduct and develop closer diplomatic and commercial ties with China's Taiwan.

Indonesia, which will be ASEAN chair in 2023, is firmly opposed to the AUKUS and nuclear proliferation. In fact, the US' plan to provide nuclear capability for Australia has unleashed pro-nuclear forces in Indonesia, Vietnam, Japan and South Korea.

While China and ASEAN are each other's largest trade partners, the US claims to be the largest investor (re-investor) in the region. To counter China and consolidate its presence across the region, the US has been building a network of political programs that targets ASEAN youth, spreads negative stories about China, Russia and Myanmar via mass media and social media campaigns, openly supports opposition parties and candidates and selectively uses human rights to justify restrictions and sanctions to coerce uniformity.

No wonder political elites across the region are worried that the US narrative on democracy wrapped in a human rights and rules-based order cover will threaten political stability in the region. They also say that these are an attempt by the US to gain centrality in ASEAN and to check China's dynamic economic development.

The simplistic US narrative of a Hobbesian struggle between democratic and authoritarian states obscures the US grand strategy of divide and rule, which it has used with some degree of success, to embroil itself and Europe in a proxy war with Russia over Ukraine. The US-NATO proxy war is designed to weaken and/or subjugate Russia, so the US can concentrate its still formidable resources toward curbing China's rise and eventually subjugating it.

However, the tide of history does not support the thesis that the US, despite all its power, can overcome all opposition in its quest to consolidate its hegemony. The political, economic and social decline of the US must contend with the shrinking wealth and power of its allies and the rapidly expanding political and economic forces coalescing in the Global South.

The US will remain a key pole in the global order, but it could be shorn of its exorbitant privilege of controlling the global reserve currency. In the final analysis, the US' "three oceans and two fronts" grand strategy is like the last but feeble roar of a paper tiger as its century of global dominance, comes to an end and the world transitions toward multipolarism and equitable distribution of global resources.

The author is a political analyst and senior special adviser, International Relations Institute, Royal Academy of Cambodia. The views don't necessarily reflect those of China Daily.

Most Viewed in 24 Hours
Top
BACK TO THE TOP
English
Copyright 1995 - . All rights reserved. The content (including but not limited to text, photo, multimedia information, etc) published in this site belongs to China Daily Information Co (CDIC). Without written authorization from CDIC, such content shall not be republished or used in any form. Note: Browsers with 1024*768 or higher resolution are suggested for this site.
License for publishing multimedia online 0108263

Registration Number: 130349
FOLLOW US
久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

    亚洲mv大片欧洲mv大片精品| 成人动漫一区二区| www亚洲一区| 国产精品1区2区3区在线观看| 国产精品美女www爽爽爽| 95精品视频在线| 亚洲国产精品久久一线不卡| 7777精品伊人久久久大香线蕉完整版 | 日本女优在线视频一区二区 | 国产精品久久久爽爽爽麻豆色哟哟| 不卡一区二区三区四区| 亚洲尤物视频在线| 日韩精品一区二区三区视频播放 | 在线看日韩精品电影| 蜜桃一区二区三区四区| 国产免费观看久久| 欧美影视一区二区三区| 久久精品国产一区二区| 国产精品视频观看| 精品视频在线免费| 国产福利视频一区二区三区| 一区二区三区不卡视频| 精品久久五月天| 99久久精品免费精品国产| 午夜婷婷国产麻豆精品| 久久精品日韩一区二区三区| 欧美影视一区二区三区| 国产美女精品人人做人人爽| 一区二区三区在线不卡| 精品少妇一区二区三区| 91猫先生在线| 国产专区综合网| 一区二区三区欧美久久| 久久综合久色欧美综合狠狠| 欧日韩精品视频| 国产高清一区日本| 日韩精品欧美成人高清一区二区| 国产精品入口麻豆原神| 欧美美女喷水视频| 99精品久久久久久| 黄色精品一二区| 亚洲综合激情小说| 中文字幕av一区二区三区高 | 国产美女在线精品| 亚洲福中文字幕伊人影院| 久久久国产精品麻豆| 精品视频免费在线| av在线一区二区| 精品一区精品二区高清| 亚洲国产毛片aaaaa无费看 | 成人小视频在线观看| 日韩av电影天堂| 亚洲另类色综合网站| 欧美精品一区二区三区视频| 91国产视频在线观看| 粗大黑人巨茎大战欧美成人| 青青草视频一区| 伊人婷婷欧美激情| 国产精品久久久久三级| 久久这里只有精品6| 欧美一区二区视频在线观看2020| 91啪九色porn原创视频在线观看| 狠狠久久亚洲欧美| 日韩成人精品视频| 亚洲国产一二三| 亚洲美女偷拍久久| 日本一区二区综合亚洲| 欧美va亚洲va| 日韩视频一区二区三区在线播放| 欧美视频中文字幕| 91碰在线视频| www.日韩精品| 国产宾馆实践打屁股91| 韩国v欧美v日本v亚洲v| 另类调教123区| 视频一区二区三区入口| 亚洲午夜在线电影| 一区二区三区中文字幕| 国产精品电影一区二区三区| 国产人久久人人人人爽| 久久综合精品国产一区二区三区 | 欧美经典一区二区三区| 久久久精品中文字幕麻豆发布| 欧美一区二区美女| 欧美一区二区三区视频在线| 欧美浪妇xxxx高跟鞋交| 欧美性大战久久久| 在线视频你懂得一区二区三区| 91视频免费看| 92国产精品观看| 99re热这里只有精品免费视频| 成人国产电影网| 成人国产精品免费网站| 成人性生交大合| av在线播放不卡| 97超碰欧美中文字幕| 一道本成人在线| 欧洲精品中文字幕| 欧美日韩极品在线观看一区| 欧美日韩和欧美的一区二区| 欧美老肥妇做.爰bbww| 91精品国产综合久久香蕉的特点| 欧美一区二区不卡视频| 欧美岛国在线观看| 久久婷婷色综合| 国产精品午夜久久| 亚洲欧美视频在线观看视频| 一区二区三区日韩欧美精品| 亚洲国产视频一区二区| 日韩成人午夜电影| 狠狠色丁香久久婷婷综| 国产大片一区二区| eeuss鲁一区二区三区| 色综合久久九月婷婷色综合| 欧美性猛交xxxx乱大交退制版| 欧美日韩大陆一区二区| 欧美一区二区三区婷婷月色| 欧美xxx久久| 欧美国产精品一区二区| 亚洲欧美国产77777| 亚洲午夜日本在线观看| 免费观看久久久4p| 国产在线精品一区二区不卡了| 国产91清纯白嫩初高中在线观看| av电影在线观看不卡| 色婷婷激情久久| 在线电影院国产精品| 久久午夜国产精品| 亚洲丝袜美腿综合| 五月激情六月综合| 精品一区免费av| 成人avav影音| 欧美老人xxxx18| 久久久精品天堂| 一区二区三区精品视频| 日韩av在线发布| 国产成人综合在线| 91精品1区2区| 日韩无一区二区| 国产精品污网站| 亚洲一级不卡视频| 久久97超碰国产精品超碰| 99久久久久免费精品国产| 欧美剧在线免费观看网站| 精品福利视频一区二区三区| 亚洲图片激情小说| 美日韩一区二区三区| www.欧美色图| 91麻豆精品国产91久久久资源速度| 久久综合九色综合97婷婷女人 | 国产精品中文字幕欧美| 日本黄色一区二区| 日韩欧美一级在线播放| 国产精品丝袜91| 日韩av在线发布| 99久久国产综合精品色伊| 51午夜精品国产| 国产精品久久久久久久久晋中| 午夜电影网一区| 国产精品一卡二卡| 欧美视频日韩视频| 欧美国产乱子伦| 日本中文字幕一区二区视频| www.欧美精品一二区| 日韩色在线观看| 亚洲精品videosex极品| 黑人精品欧美一区二区蜜桃| 91福利在线播放| 久久免费美女视频| 亚洲国产综合色| 丁香婷婷综合网| 欧美一区二区三区的| 亚洲三级电影网站| 国产麻豆精品在线观看| 欧美乱妇一区二区三区不卡视频| 国产精品麻豆视频| 蜜桃视频第一区免费观看| 色综合咪咪久久| 国产片一区二区| 美女一区二区在线观看| 91国偷自产一区二区三区成为亚洲经典| 久久嫩草精品久久久精品一| 午夜精品福利一区二区三区av| av在线不卡免费看| 久久久久久99久久久精品网站| 日韩国产精品久久久| 色综合视频在线观看| 国产午夜久久久久| 蜜桃视频免费观看一区| 欧美日韩一区二区三区四区 | 亚洲免费av网站| 成人性生交大片| 久久久午夜电影| 久久精品国产精品青草| 欧美久久久久久久久久| 亚洲精选一二三| 不卡电影一区二区三区| 国产亚洲成年网址在线观看| 久久99国产精品免费网站| 欧美高清www午色夜在线视频|