久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

Global EditionASIA 中文雙語Fran?ais
Opinion
Home / Opinion / China and the World Roundtable

China a growing player in Middle East

By Deborah Lehr, Kacee Ting Wong, Adnan Akfirat | China Daily | Updated: 2023-04-21 07:09
Share
Share - WeChat

Editor's note: The Global Security Initiative aims to eliminate the root causes of international conflicts, improve global security governance, and encourage joint international efforts to bring more stability. The initiative has helped Saudi Arabia and Iran open a path for peace and stability in the Middle East. Three experts share their views on the issue with China Daily.

JIN DING/CHINA DAILY

That China has brokered a historic diplomatic deal between Saudi Arabia and Iran — the two countries have decided to resume diplomatic ties after seven years — may come as a surprise to many, especially because China was not seen as a major player in the Middle East. But the fact is that for more than a decade, China has steadily expanded its influence across the Middle East.

China has not only increased investments in the Middle East through its Belt and Road Initiative and grown to become the region's largest trading partner, but also avoided, in most cases, entangling itself in the messy politics and sectarian rivalries in the region. This reflects China's new diplomatic strategy, characterized by a more active foreign policy that suits its own interests and creates more space for it to play a bigger role on the global stage.

This raises two questions: Does China hope to supplant the United States' role as the diplomatic heavyweight in the region? And what is driving China's evolving interests?

The short answer to the first question is "no". China plays, and will continue to play, a fundamentally different role in the Middle East than the US. It has no will to be the primary security guarantor for the region, nor can it offer the military resources provided by the US. The arms trade between China and the Arab region, for example, is a small fraction of what is traded with the US.

But China's interests in the region are indeed shifting. The country's relationship with the Arab world has long been based on trade and economy. Increasingly, it is likely to be animated by geopolitical and strategic concerns. And while it may not seek to supplant or replicate the US' role in the region, China may use its growing political and strategic clout in ways that are likely to aggravate tensions with the US.

China's new diplomatic strategy is less about a seismic shift in the world order than a shift in its own vision of its international role.

In the 1980s, the Arab order was challenged by the Iran-Iraq War. Plus, the geopolitical order was overturned by the end of the Cold War in 1991. And between 1984 and 1990, China established diplomatic relations with the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia.

The global order is shifting again, creating new dynamics between the Arab world and the two major global powers. While the US is widely perceived to be retreating from the Middle East with its new focus on the "Indo-Pacific", China is rapidly strengthening its ties with Arab nations. In 1990, China's bilateral trade with Saudi Arabia amounted to only $417 million. In 2022, it had grown to more than $116 billion. China's trade with Saudi Arabia in 2020 was more than three times that of US-Saudi Arabia trade.

The growing economic ties between the countries, however, are underpinned by strategic imperatives. China's economy relies heavily on imported oil and gas. And China sees the energy-rich Arab region as a crucial energy supplier at a time when demand for oil is expected to bounce back after nearly three years of COVID-19-related restrictions. China also sees significant potential to export more of its technologies and invest in critical infrastructure.

For China, the Middle East is an attractive market, one without the regulatory and political restrictions that Chinese technology firms face in Europe and the US.

At the same time, China has been expanding its political relations with the region. A 2019 report by the Atlantic Council says that China has signed comprehensive strategic partnerships with Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Iran, Egypt and Algeria. This level of partnership maintains "full pursuit of cooperation and development on regional and international affairs". China also maintains "lower-level" partnerships with eight other countries in the Middle East.

China's expansive foreign policy goes well beyond the Middle East. In addition to its recent efforts to play a significant diplomatic role in the Russia-Ukraine crisis, China has engaged in a more activist foreign policy, concluding security and defense agreements with Djibouti and pledging $100 million in military aid to the African Union.

On the other hand, the Joe Biden administration's ties with traditional allies and partners — Egypt, the UAE and Saudi Arabia — are strained. When Washington pushed for sanctions to punish Moscow for the Russia-Ukraine conflict, not one of these three countries supported it.

China's transition from foreign policy observer to active diplomatic player should not come as a surprise. As China's economic interests have grown significantly overseas, it has used this economic might to promote its own diplomatic agenda. This new Chinese strategy is less about a seismic shift in the world and more about a shift in China's vision of its international role.

What does this mean for China's future in the Middle East? Beijing has much to gain, economically and geopolitically, especially if the US continues to deprioritize the region. The Middle East countries have gained an important economic partner, but increasingly they are becoming the competitive playing field for growing US-China competition. How the region balances its economic interests with its foreign policy and national security priorities will remain a challenge in the foreseeable future.

The views don't necessarily reflect those of China Daily.

 

The author is CEO and managing director of Edelman Global Advisory. She is also the executive director of the Paulson Institute and the founder and chairman of the Antiquities Coalition.
1 2 3 Next   >>|
Most Viewed in 24 Hours
Top
BACK TO THE TOP
English
Copyright 1995 - . All rights reserved. The content (including but not limited to text, photo, multimedia information, etc) published in this site belongs to China Daily Information Co (CDIC). Without written authorization from CDIC, such content shall not be republished or used in any form. Note: Browsers with 1024*768 or higher resolution are suggested for this site.
License for publishing multimedia online 0108263

Registration Number: 130349
FOLLOW US
久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

    久久久久久久综合狠狠综合| 亚洲欧美日韩人成在线播放| 国产精品1区2区| 欧美国产日韩一二三区| 91亚洲国产成人精品一区二区三| 一区二区免费看| 日韩欧美一级精品久久| 国产在线精品一区二区三区不卡| 国产精品国产三级国产普通话99 | 99久久精品费精品国产一区二区| 亚洲综合一二三区| 日韩一区二区三区四区| 福利一区在线观看| 亚洲韩国精品一区| 337p粉嫩大胆色噜噜噜噜亚洲| 成人毛片在线观看| 午夜影视日本亚洲欧洲精品| 久久嫩草精品久久久精品 | 91丨国产丨九色丨pron| 午夜精品成人在线视频| 久久九九99视频| 欧洲精品一区二区| 久99久精品视频免费观看| 国产精品高清亚洲| 91精品国产美女浴室洗澡无遮挡| 国产超碰在线一区| 亚洲成人资源在线| 国产日韩欧美精品综合| 欧美亚洲国产一区二区三区va| 精品一区二区三区在线播放视频| 17c精品麻豆一区二区免费| 亚洲国产精品久久不卡毛片| 日韩美女天天操| 91污在线观看| 国产综合成人久久大片91| 亚洲免费在线视频一区 二区| 欧美电影免费提供在线观看| 91免费国产视频网站| 久久精品国产99国产| 樱花草国产18久久久久| 久久先锋影音av鲁色资源网| 欧美日韩精品是欧美日韩精品| 国产高清一区日本| 五月天激情综合| 中文在线一区二区| 欧美一级一区二区| 91国偷自产一区二区使用方法| 国产乱妇无码大片在线观看| 偷窥少妇高潮呻吟av久久免费| 日本一区二区成人在线| 91精品国产麻豆国产自产在线 | 一级日本不卡的影视| 久久久电影一区二区三区| 欧美日韩高清一区二区不卡| 99精品欧美一区二区蜜桃免费| 极品美女销魂一区二区三区免费 | 久久激情五月激情| 亚洲一区二区三区视频在线| 国产精品每日更新在线播放网址 | 一区二区三区四区亚洲| 国产性天天综合网| 欧美sm极限捆绑bd| 欧美肥妇free| 欧美视频一区二区三区在线观看| 成人免费av网站| 国产毛片精品视频| 久久精品国产在热久久| 亚洲成人综合视频| 一区二区国产视频| 亚洲少妇30p| 国产精品你懂的在线| 久久亚洲欧美国产精品乐播| 日韩欧美国产午夜精品| 欧美日韩一区中文字幕| 色诱亚洲精品久久久久久| 成人午夜激情在线| 国产成人福利片| 久久99久久精品| 免费av网站大全久久| 亚洲成人久久影院| 一区二区三区四区乱视频| 国产精品久久久久久久久图文区 | 国产精品丝袜91| 久久久久亚洲蜜桃| 久久久久亚洲综合| 久久在线观看免费| 精品国产91九色蝌蚪| 精品国产免费视频| 精品国偷自产国产一区| 欧美精品一区二区三| 精品少妇一区二区三区日产乱码| 欧美一区二区精品在线| 777亚洲妇女| 欧美一区二区三区男人的天堂| 91麻豆精品国产综合久久久久久 | 亚洲电影欧美电影有声小说| 亚洲一区二区欧美| 性做久久久久久久免费看| 亚洲成人在线网站| 婷婷综合五月天| 免费观看一级欧美片| 青娱乐精品在线视频| 日本不卡在线视频| 精品中文字幕一区二区| 狠狠色综合色综合网络| 国产精品一区二区视频| 岛国av在线一区| av在线这里只有精品| 一本久道久久综合中文字幕| 91久久精品网| 欧美精选一区二区| 精品久久人人做人人爱| 久久一夜天堂av一区二区三区| 久久久久九九视频| 中文字幕制服丝袜成人av| 亚洲美女少妇撒尿| 亚洲国产乱码最新视频| 日本欧洲一区二区| 国产一区二区精品久久| 成人av电影观看| 色天使色偷偷av一区二区| 欧美日韩在线亚洲一区蜜芽| 日韩午夜av电影| 国产日本欧美一区二区| 日韩一区在线看| 性做久久久久久久久| 美女www一区二区| 国产宾馆实践打屁股91| 色综合久久99| 欧美一区二区三区公司| 久久这里只有精品视频网| 一色屋精品亚洲香蕉网站| 亚洲一二三四在线观看| 麻豆精品一二三| 成人黄色在线网站| 欧美中文字幕一二三区视频| 日韩一区二区电影在线| 国产欧美1区2区3区| 亚洲综合一区二区精品导航| 美女mm1313爽爽久久久蜜臀| 成人性生交大片免费看中文网站| 色素色在线综合| 欧美变态口味重另类| 中文字幕亚洲一区二区va在线| 亚洲chinese男男1069| 国产主播一区二区三区| 一本大道久久a久久综合| 91精品啪在线观看国产60岁| 国产日韩av一区二区| 亚洲一区二区在线观看视频| 精品一区二区三区免费毛片爱 | 亚洲免费毛片网站| 毛片不卡一区二区| 不卡一区在线观看| 欧美精品日韩综合在线| 国产精品丝袜一区| 视频一区视频二区在线观看| 粉嫩av亚洲一区二区图片| 欧美人xxxx| 中文字幕一区二区日韩精品绯色| 日本午夜一区二区| av在线一区二区三区| 日韩欧美一卡二卡| 一区二区三区中文在线观看| 激情偷乱视频一区二区三区| 色综合视频在线观看| 欧美sm美女调教| 亚洲一区二区在线免费观看视频 | 久久综合国产精品| 亚洲午夜羞羞片| 懂色一区二区三区免费观看| 欧美一区二区三区视频在线 | 日韩—二三区免费观看av| 成人白浆超碰人人人人| 日韩一区二区三区电影在线观看 | 国产成人在线免费观看| 欧美少妇性性性| 国产精品的网站| 国产主播一区二区三区| 欧美日韩精品欧美日韩精品一综合| 亚洲国产精品高清| 精东粉嫩av免费一区二区三区| 欧美日韩在线播| 亚洲欧美日韩在线不卡| 国产精品538一区二区在线| 制服丝袜一区二区三区| 亚洲天堂免费在线观看视频| 国产剧情av麻豆香蕉精品| 欧美一区日韩一区| 亚洲成人一区二区在线观看| 99精品视频一区二区三区| 久久久精品日韩欧美| 麻豆一区二区99久久久久| 在线欧美小视频| 中文字幕亚洲成人| 国产91精品露脸国语对白| 欧美va亚洲va香蕉在线| 日本三级韩国三级欧美三级| 欧美日韩你懂的| 一区二区理论电影在线观看|