Norris entered the three-way battle 12 points ahead of Verstappen and 16 ahead of Piastri, who also won seven races, but none since the Dutch GP on Aug 31.

Verstappen started from pole position with Norris on the front row beside him and Piastri third on the grid. The Dutchman needed Norris to be fourth or lower and Norris had to finish outside the top five if Piastri won.

Verstappen's astounding late-season charge came close to unseating both McLaren drivers after they had shared the lead throughout the season, before being undone by driver and team-strategy errors.

Verstappen's title chances were dramatically improved with two races to go after Norris and Piastri were disqualified in Las Vegas.

But even Verstappen's season-leading eighth win and 71st of his career could not stop Norris, who kept his composure on Sunday, having been under severe pressure in recent weeks.

"Oscar and Lando have been awesome all year," McLaren CEO Zak Brown told broadcaster Sky. "This Max guy is pretty hard to beat."

The McLaren motorhome erupted with joy when Norris clinched it, and Brown congratulated Norris on the team radio in his usual jovial manner.

"Lando, this is Zak from McLaren. Is this the world champion hotline? You did it! You did it! Awesome," Brown said.

Norris didn't know whether to laugh or cry. He did both.

"Oh my God, thanks so much. I love you guys. Thanks for everything," Norris said and then broke down in tears.

After crossing the line, Norris stayed in his car for a few moments, visibly emotional. His parents were on the side of the track and he went over to hug them before celebrating with his McLaren engineers and mechanics.

Piastri was looking to become the first Australian champion since Alan Jones in 1980, but his failure to win a race after Zandvoort cost him.

"When things have been good this year, I've felt unstoppable," Piastri said. "Ultimately, I've learnt a lot about myself. I think that will only help me go forward."