久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

Opinion

Narrowing the wealth gap

By Zhang Monan (China Daily)
Updated: 2011-03-07 17:07
Large Medium Small

Comprehensive reforms must be carried out to realize just and fair rebalancing between the haves and have-nots

The year 2010 marked the beginning of a new era for China, which overtook Japan to become the world's second largest economy, with a per capita GDP of $4,412.

Economic history tells us that a country's economic and social development will take a different course after its per capita GDP exceeds $4,000. If handled well, its economy will enjoy a relatively long period of rapid growth, resulting in higher per capita GDP. If the economy is not managed well, there will be fluctuations, even regression, resulting in the so-called middle-income trap characterized by capital centralization and widening income gaps. This leads to an imbalanced economic structure and sluggish domestic demand.

"It is not scarcity, but the unfair distribution of social wealth that poses the greatest challenge to a state," says an ancient Chinese idiom.

The income disparity and wealth gap in China have become more prominent in recent years. People's incomes and accumulated wealth have improved remarkably during the past three decades, but problems in wealth distribution have also developed.

Latest data shows that the Gini coefficient of China has reached 0.48, far exceeding the alarm level of 0.4. Data from the State Bureau of Statistics (SBS) also shows that in 2007 about 415,000 individuals, or 0.03 percent of the population, had personal assets of more than $1 million. Altogether this group of people grabbed $21.615 trillion, 60.1 percent of the national GDP.

In China, wealth is being accumulated by the rich at a rate that is growing by 12.3 percent a year, twice the global average.

To make matters worse, the unfair distribution of social wealth is being stabilized through transference to the younger generation. According to the Boston Consulting Group, the number of millionaires (in terms of US dollar) had risen by 31 percent in China in 2009. In the modern market, capital is taking an unbearably large share of the profits; that means the financial property in the hands of rich people is multiplying at such a high rate that it is stabilizing the unfair distribution of wealth.

Therefore, one of the most difficult, but also the most pressing, problems today is to ease the accelerated widening of the wealth gap in China. That requires systemic reform on a large and complex scale.

To realize this, the first step should be to promote justice in the process of income distribution. The State must establish a social mechanism that can improve and maintain an efficient allocation of resources and production efficiency by providing equal opportunities for all. In the past, many people held the belief that we should emphasize efficiency in the primary distribution of income, and ensure justice in the redistribution process; but actually, without justice in the primary distribution process, it is impossible to ensure justice in the redistribution.

Due to the premature market mechanism in China, there are too many inequalities in the primary distribution of national income, the most evident of which is monopolies. Those with monopolies of resources, such as land and mineral resources, have greedily accumulated wealth beyond imagination.

In the future, we should grant labor its deserved share of the national income, as well as setting up a mechanism that can ensure fair distribution among various producing elements, so that capital won't take an undeserved lion's share.

Related readings:
Narrowing the wealth gap Survey finds a yawning income gap
Narrowing the wealth gap China to readjust income distribution to stop yawning gap
Narrowing the wealth gap Delegate expresses concern over growing wealth gap
Narrowing the wealth gap Rising housing prices 'exacerbate' income gap

The second step should be to strengthen the role of tax in adjusting the unequal distribution of wealth. Currently the personal income tax threshold is being raised, but that will only adjust income distribution; the State needs to set up a wealth declaration mechanism so as to further adjust wealth disparity.

In most developed countries, taxes like inheritance tax, property tax and capital tax are very effective in narrowing the wealth gap, making it natural for capitalists to benefit the whole of society while gaining profit. In the United States, Britain and Canada, property tax accounts for more than 9 percent of the whole, much higher than that of China.

Last, but by no means least, a more comprehensive social security system is necessary, which could, as the last resort, neutralize the negative effects of the widening social gaps. Reforms in education, employment, residency registration and the pension system should be strengthened so that those on a low-income have the hope of moving up the social ladder.

Only major reforms can solve the problems of the widening social gaps, even if that means overcoming stiff resistance.

The author is an economics researcher with the State Information Center.

分享按鈕
久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

    精品一二三四区| 99国产精品久久久久久久久久| 久久久久久久久岛国免费| 成人做爰69片免费看网站| 亚洲天堂2016| 4438亚洲最大| 国产高清亚洲一区| 亚洲综合色网站| 7777女厕盗摄久久久| 国产成人无遮挡在线视频| 亚洲天堂精品在线观看| 911精品国产一区二区在线| 国产中文字幕精品| 国产精品精品国产色婷婷| 欧美日韩国产区一| 国产精品一区二区视频| 日韩伦理电影网| 91精品国产一区二区三区| 成人中文字幕合集| 亚洲午夜精品在线| 2024国产精品| 91免费看`日韩一区二区| 麻豆高清免费国产一区| 自拍偷拍国产亚洲| 日韩欧美一级二级| 91视频观看视频| 美女视频一区在线观看| 成人免费在线观看入口| 4438x成人网最大色成网站| 成人综合在线视频| 丝袜诱惑亚洲看片| 国产精品久久久久一区二区三区 | 国产最新精品免费| 一区二区三区四区av| 精品日韩在线观看| 色国产综合视频| 国产一区二三区| 亚洲第一福利一区| 中文字幕一区不卡| 精品久久久久久久久久久久久久久| 91免费国产在线| 国产精品综合在线视频| 亚洲成人自拍一区| ●精品国产综合乱码久久久久| 91精品国产乱| 色94色欧美sute亚洲线路一久| 韩国三级电影一区二区| 午夜伦欧美伦电影理论片| 国产精品传媒入口麻豆| 精品久久99ma| 欧美日韩国产精选| 色先锋aa成人| 懂色av一区二区三区免费看| 免费在线观看日韩欧美| 亚洲图片有声小说| 国产精品国产三级国产普通话三级 | 天天色综合天天| 亚洲精品中文在线观看| 国产欧美日韩精品一区| 日韩精品综合一本久道在线视频| 在线视频欧美区| 99精品国产热久久91蜜凸| 国产精品888| 久久激情五月激情| 偷窥少妇高潮呻吟av久久免费| 亚洲免费色视频| 国产精品毛片久久久久久久| 欧美精品一区二区高清在线观看 | 久久亚洲综合av| 在线不卡的av| 欧美三区在线视频| 色综合久久综合| 成人av影院在线| 高清不卡在线观看| 国产精华液一区二区三区| 久久精品国产99国产精品| 香蕉成人伊视频在线观看| 亚洲乱码国产乱码精品精98午夜 | 亚洲日本在线a| 国产精品久久久久久一区二区三区| 久久久久久黄色| 久久嫩草精品久久久精品| 欧美videossexotv100| 91麻豆精品91久久久久久清纯| 欧美在线综合视频| 在线免费观看成人短视频| 色老汉一区二区三区| 色偷偷88欧美精品久久久| 99综合影院在线| www.66久久| 91污在线观看| 色欧美88888久久久久久影院| 93久久精品日日躁夜夜躁欧美| 99精品视频在线播放观看| 99精品桃花视频在线观看| 94色蜜桃网一区二区三区| 91免费看`日韩一区二区| 日本韩国精品在线| 在线观看亚洲一区| 欧美美女一区二区| 日韩一区和二区| 欧美成人乱码一区二区三区| 精品国产乱码久久久久久图片| 精品成人私密视频| 久久精品一区二区三区av| 国产欧美一区在线| 《视频一区视频二区| 尤物视频一区二区| 午夜视频一区在线观看| 日韩福利视频导航| 久草热8精品视频在线观看| 国产一区二区三区在线观看精品| 国产一区二区女| 成人综合婷婷国产精品久久蜜臀| 99久久免费精品高清特色大片| 色婷婷综合五月| 4438x成人网最大色成网站| 欧美成人aa大片| 亚洲国产精品二十页| 亚洲素人一区二区| 香蕉乱码成人久久天堂爱免费| 美国欧美日韩国产在线播放| 国产九色精品成人porny | 日韩美女视频一区| 亚洲综合免费观看高清完整版在线| 午夜精品一区二区三区免费视频 | 蜜臀av性久久久久蜜臀aⅴ| 国产一区二区三区最好精华液| 北条麻妃一区二区三区| 91国产丝袜在线播放| 日韩午夜在线观看| 久久九九久久九九| 亚洲老司机在线| 免费在线视频一区| 成人午夜电影久久影院| 欧美性xxxxxx少妇| 精品成人在线观看| 最新不卡av在线| 天天免费综合色| 国产91精品在线观看| 欧洲国产伦久久久久久久| 日韩欧美一区电影| 中文字幕中文字幕一区| 性做久久久久久免费观看| 国产成人综合亚洲91猫咪| 在线看日本不卡| 久久久久国产一区二区三区四区| 一区二区三区四区激情| 黄色资源网久久资源365| 一本高清dvd不卡在线观看| 日韩一区二区三区在线视频| 中文字幕av一区 二区| 亚洲成人免费av| 国产馆精品极品| 欧美日本韩国一区| 国产精品理论片在线观看| 手机精品视频在线观看| 高清av一区二区| 8x8x8国产精品| 亚洲欧美影音先锋| 老司机免费视频一区二区| 91视频观看免费| 久久你懂得1024| 午夜久久福利影院| 99精品视频在线播放观看| 精品国产不卡一区二区三区| 亚洲精品成人悠悠色影视| 国产一区不卡视频| 欧美日本在线视频| 国产精品久久看| 久久99国产精品成人| 欧美日韩三级一区| 成人欧美一区二区三区白人 | 亚洲图片另类小说| 国产真实精品久久二三区| 在线观看中文字幕不卡| 国产精品天干天干在线综合| 蜜臀va亚洲va欧美va天堂| 在线观看亚洲成人| 国产精品你懂的| 久久97超碰国产精品超碰| 欧美日韩国产在线观看| 亚洲丝袜制服诱惑| 粉嫩久久99精品久久久久久夜| 欧美成人欧美edvon| 午夜精品成人在线视频| 91麻豆免费看片| 国产精品无人区| 国模少妇一区二区三区| 欧美一区二区三区视频| 一级中文字幕一区二区| caoporn国产一区二区| 久久综合色之久久综合| 青青草精品视频| 欧美绝品在线观看成人午夜影视| 亚洲久草在线视频| 91污片在线观看| 亚洲欧美综合色| 不卡欧美aaaaa| 日本一区二区三区电影|