久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

USEUROPEAFRICAASIA 中文雙語Fran?ais
Business
Home / Business / Motoring

UK auto industry frets about future as Brexit counts down

Updated: 2017-08-28 08:07

LONDON - Ford's Dagenham diesel engine plant is a marvel of mechanization - a steel and chrome hangar full of LED lighting, robots and computer-controlled machine tools.

The US carmaker has invested $2.5 billion in the plant, where 3,150 people churn out an engine every 30 seconds. And they've been here a long time: Edsel Ford, son of founder Henry Ford, personally cut the sod to start construction of the company's UK manufacturing headquarters in 1929.

It's hard to imagine Ford would walk away from all that if Britain fails to negotiate a favorable trade deal when it leaves the European Union.

But don't bet on it. With auto parts passing through as many as 15 countries before a car is completed, a Brexit agreement that results in new tariffs that increase the cost of Ford vehicles for consumers is no small problem.

"It will force us to consider what the longer-term options are for the investments that we make, because let me be clear: We have to transact business in an environment where we can be competitive, and it's that competitive base that we're interested in making sure is protected," said Steven Armstrong, CEO of Ford in Europe.

Britain's car industry, which employs 814,000 people, illustrates the struggle the country faces as it prepares to exit the EU.

Cars are assembled, not forged in a single place. Modern manufacturing techniques result in automakers having plants in several locations, often in different countries, that specialize in producing pieces of the finished vehicle. For instance, the plant in Dagenham, in East London, makes nothing but diesel engines and parts.

Tariffs, which are non-existent for goods that move from one EU nation to another, are an oversized threat to British carmakers because they could be applied each time those components cross and re-cross international borders on their way to the new car showroom.

"The country has high-tech assembly, a good supply chain, links to Formula One teams that add to innovation - it does have a lot to recommend it," said David Elmes, an expert on global energy and corporate change at the Warwick Business School. "But access to the European market is a concern."

Those concerns can be seen by following the movements of one component throughout the manufacturing process.

The unit is accompanied by a "birth history," a passport of sorts, that chronicles where and when every component was installed. The summary alone is 56 pages long. This passport traces the block's world travels from its "birth" as a cylinder block in Cologne, Germany, through Belgium and Holland and finally on to Dagenham.

It will get a new "stamp" when the block is shipped back over the English Channel and across Europe to Turkey, where it will become part of a rear-wheel drive vehicle. Some of those vans then cross back across the UK border for a third time for sale - and theoretically each time it crosses, it could be taxed after Brexit.

British carmakers, and many other industries, want the government to negotiate an agreement that preserves free trade with the EU's single market after Brexit.

Failure to do so could mean that tariffs and quotas are applied according to World Trade Organization rules, which would make each vehicle more expensive.

WTO rules could raise the cost of finished vehicles by 10 percent, said Mike Hawes, chief executive of the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders.

"That could potentially fl ow through to about 1,500 pounds ($1,920) on the price of any vehicle, any imported vehicle from Europe sold in the UK. So that would be a difficult and substantial cost to mitigate and clearly it would be to a large extent passed on to the consumer."

The industry relies on Europe as both a market and a supplier, with the EU accounting for 56 percent of UK car exports and 69 percent of imports in 2016, according to the SMMT. Besides that, Europe supplies the majority of components within UK-built vehicles.

Ford wants to know how the government plans to address this issue - and how soon.

"We want access to the single market, we want a frictionless ability to move goods from the UK to Europe and back again, and we need some clarity on how that's going to be delivered from the government," Armstrong said. "That's what we really want."

Prime Minister Theresa May has repeatedly said that remaining in the single market is not an option, but the government this month outlined its hopes for an agreement that would permit the "freest and most frictionless possible trade" with EU member states. This could include a temporary customs union with the bloc for up to three years after Britain leaves in 2019, to give businesses time to adjust to the new rules.

AP

Most Viewed in 24 Hours
Copyright 1995 - . All rights reserved. The content (including but not limited to text, photo, multimedia information, etc) published in this site belongs to China Daily Information Co (CDIC). Without written authorization from CDIC, such content shall not be republished or used in any form. Note: Browsers with 1024*768 or higher resolution are suggested for this site.
License for publishing multimedia online 0108263

Registration Number: 130349
FOLLOW US
 
久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

    奇米综合一区二区三区精品视频| 精品一区二区av| 欧美日韩国产高清一区| 日韩电影免费在线看| 26uuu精品一区二区在线观看| 国产精品白丝jk黑袜喷水| 中文字幕在线观看一区| 在线精品观看国产| 蜜臀av在线播放一区二区三区| 免费在线观看视频一区| 26uuu欧美| 91蝌蚪porny成人天涯| 日欧美一区二区| 国产夜色精品一区二区av| 一本久久精品一区二区| 蜜桃久久久久久久| 国产精品成人网| 欧美情侣在线播放| 国产成人精品影院| 亚洲国产精品影院| 久久久噜噜噜久久中文字幕色伊伊| av成人老司机| 亚洲国产成人精品视频| 久久久不卡影院| 欧美性猛交一区二区三区精品| 久久精品国内一区二区三区| 中文字幕一区不卡| 欧美成人一区二区三区片免费| eeuss影院一区二区三区| 亚洲电影在线免费观看| 国产午夜亚洲精品羞羞网站| 欧洲视频一区二区| 粉嫩欧美一区二区三区高清影视| 亚洲成av人影院| 国产精品免费网站在线观看| 欧美精品xxxxbbbb| 97成人超碰视| 国产一区二区中文字幕| 性感美女久久精品| 中文字幕不卡在线播放| 91精品国产入口| 99视频精品免费视频| 美腿丝袜亚洲综合| 一区二区日韩av| 中文字幕高清不卡| 欧美一级淫片007| 在线观看一区日韩| 处破女av一区二区| 久久狠狠亚洲综合| 亚洲成av人片在线| 亚洲精品午夜久久久| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三区在线观看| 69堂精品视频| 91福利国产精品| gogogo免费视频观看亚洲一| 国内久久婷婷综合| 奇米影视在线99精品| 亚洲一区二区三区精品在线| 中文子幕无线码一区tr| 欧美成人午夜电影| 在线综合视频播放| 欧美私人免费视频| 一本到一区二区三区| 成人黄色网址在线观看| 激情小说亚洲一区| 日本午夜一本久久久综合| 亚洲成人你懂的| 亚洲激情一二三区| 中文字幕亚洲在| 中文字幕va一区二区三区| 久久综合资源网| 日韩欧美久久一区| 欧美肥妇毛茸茸| 欧美日韩一区二区三区免费看| 成人av网址在线观看| 国产精品一区2区| 精品一区二区在线播放| 日本成人在线一区| 午夜欧美在线一二页| 亚洲一区二区高清| 亚洲一区欧美一区| 伊人婷婷欧美激情| 亚洲欧美日本韩国| 中文字幕日韩精品一区| 国产精品久久久久国产精品日日| 国产清纯白嫩初高生在线观看91| 精品国产乱码久久久久久浪潮| 日韩免费成人网| 欧美一区二区观看视频| 欧美一区二区三区在| 7777精品伊人久久久大香线蕉经典版下载 | 亚洲成人在线观看视频| 亚洲一区二区三区中文字幕| 一区二区三区色| 亚洲影院理伦片| 亚洲国产精品欧美一二99| 亚洲国产精品一区二区www在线| 亚洲午夜在线电影| 视频一区二区中文字幕| 日韩专区欧美专区| 蜜桃精品在线观看| 国产一区在线不卡| 国产91露脸合集magnet| aaa亚洲精品一二三区| 色综合久久精品| 欧美色区777第一页| 欧美日本一区二区在线观看| 制服丝袜国产精品| 日韩三级精品电影久久久 | 一区二区三区小说| 亚洲午夜影视影院在线观看| 天天综合网 天天综合色| 日韩在线一二三区| 激情另类小说区图片区视频区| 国产精品综合av一区二区国产馆| 国产成人综合精品三级| 成人国产精品免费观看| 久久久久国产成人精品亚洲午夜| 国产视频视频一区| 亚洲欧美中日韩| 樱花草国产18久久久久| 日韩中文欧美在线| 国模套图日韩精品一区二区| 国产高清视频一区| 色综合久久综合网欧美综合网| 在线亚洲+欧美+日本专区| 欧美日本国产一区| xnxx国产精品| 亚洲欧美日韩综合aⅴ视频| 亚洲一区二区美女| 精品一区二区精品| gogo大胆日本视频一区| 欧美日韩五月天| 26uuu国产电影一区二区| 中文字幕一区二区三区在线观看| 亚洲最新视频在线观看| 美腿丝袜在线亚洲一区| 大美女一区二区三区| 欧美日韩在线精品一区二区三区激情 | 日韩欧美国产系列| 国产女主播一区| 亚洲第一主播视频| 国产一区二区女| 一本色道久久加勒比精品| 日韩三级在线观看| 日韩一区在线播放| 美女久久久精品| 91免费版在线看| 日韩欧美在线1卡| 亚洲欧美综合色| 久久精品国产久精国产爱| av午夜一区麻豆| 日韩你懂的在线观看| 国产精品欧美极品| 日韩精彩视频在线观看| 懂色av一区二区在线播放| 欧美高清性hdvideosex| 中文字幕第一区二区| 日韩成人dvd| 91视频免费播放| 精品久久久久一区| 亚洲激情网站免费观看| 狠狠色狠狠色合久久伊人| 欧美亚洲国产一区二区三区va| 久久久国产精品不卡| 亚洲电影视频在线| 成人免费高清在线| 日韩视频123| 亚洲一区在线观看网站| 成人免费av网站| 日韩一区二区在线看| 亚洲免费成人av| 国产精品一区二区无线| 51久久夜色精品国产麻豆| 中文字幕一区二区在线播放| 精品一区二区三区久久| 欧美色欧美亚洲另类二区| 中文字幕欧美国产| 激情欧美日韩一区二区| 欧美日本在线一区| 综合久久久久久久| 国产大陆精品国产| 日韩区在线观看| 香蕉影视欧美成人| 色老汉一区二区三区| 国产女主播一区| 激情六月婷婷综合| 91麻豆精品国产91久久久使用方法 | 色综合久久综合中文综合网| 国产日韩欧美a| 九九九久久久精品| 91精品欧美一区二区三区综合在| 亚洲精品免费一二三区| 不卡影院免费观看| 国产午夜精品久久久久久免费视| 免费看欧美女人艹b| 欧美精品日日鲁夜夜添| 亚洲精品国产第一综合99久久 | 精品视频一区二区不卡| 综合电影一区二区三区|