久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

US EUROPE AFRICA ASIA 中文
Business / Economy

China's rural migrants key to consumption

(Agencies) Updated: 2012-08-21 13:15

China's domestic migrant labor force could power consumer spending growth in the world's second biggest economy if workers had better access to basic welfare services in the cities where they live and work, a new government report says.

The 230 million-strong migrant workforce drives China's economy, but a lack of access to education, health and other services tied to the country's strict household registration - or hukou - system forces massive saving, restraining Beijing's efforts to shift growth's focus to consumption from investment.

"Giving the migrant population living in cities permanent status and giving them equal access to fundamental public services would greatly stimulate China's consumption growth," the National Population and Family Planning Commission said in its latest annual report.

Consumption-driven growth is regarded by many economists as a more stable development model for China than the investment-driven path trodden so far, which the International Monetary Fund says stokes over-capacity and inefficiency.

Beijing sees the rise of consumers as the key driver of growth for a generation to come in the wake of the massive urbanization of the last three decades that lifted an estimated 600 million people from poverty and turned China's export-focused factories into the new workshops of the world.

China's migrant workers in their millions flood into cities each year from the impoverished countryside. They are relatively low paid, but have earned annual double-digit pay rises for years, making them a huge potential source of consumer spending.

Migrant workers spent an average of 56 percent of the salary increases they earned in 2011, according to data in the report.

It showed that monthly spending per capita rose by 230 yuan ($36) in 2011 from a year ago based on average pay increase of 406 yuan to 2,253 yuan a month.

Migrant workers living in any given city for one year spent 1,761 yuan on average, increasing to 2,609 yuan if they stayed for five years or longer, the report said.

The report found only 23.1 percent of Chinese migrants had pension insurance in the city in which they lived in 2011, 13.6 percent of them were covered by unemployment insurance and 64.3 percent had medical insurance.

That forces migrants into massive precautionary saving to pay market rates for services in cities.

City dwellers covered for six basic welfare services typically spend 1.4 times as much as those who are not, the report found.

The report forecasts China will have 250 million migrant workers by 2015, 190 million without access to welfare services.

Some economists say China's pool of low-cost labor is quickly drying up, pushing the country close to a turning point where wages are set for rapid gains.

However, the report said China's labor supply would continue to be abundant with the workforce reaching 885 million in 2050, albeit decelerating from a peak of 1 billion-plus, forecast to arrive in 2016.

Hot Topics

Editor's Picks
...
久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

    欧美日韩一区二区三区四区五区| 色婷婷综合久久久久中文一区二区| 日韩一区二区在线观看| 日韩国产在线观看| 精品入口麻豆88视频| 国产成人自拍在线| 亚洲男人电影天堂| 在线电影欧美成精品| 久久疯狂做爰流白浆xx| 中文在线资源观看网站视频免费不卡| av午夜精品一区二区三区| 亚洲永久精品国产| 精品免费视频一区二区| 成人av资源网站| 午夜精品一区在线观看| 欧美精品一区二区在线播放| 97久久人人超碰| 丝袜美腿亚洲一区| 国产欧美日本一区视频| 欧美日韩一区二区在线观看视频| 久久精品国产成人一区二区三区 | 成人永久免费视频| 亚洲一区二区偷拍精品| 精品国产乱码久久久久久影片| 99综合影院在线| 青青青爽久久午夜综合久久午夜| 国产精品人人做人人爽人人添| 欧美日韩免费电影| 国产馆精品极品| 亚洲国产综合人成综合网站| 久久亚洲私人国产精品va媚药| 色婷婷综合中文久久一本| 久久成人精品无人区| 亚洲精品国产精华液| 2023国产精品自拍| 欧美三级视频在线播放| 国产成人午夜视频| 视频一区二区国产| 中文字幕一区二区三区四区| 欧美一区二区三区在线电影| 91原创在线视频| 精品亚洲aⅴ乱码一区二区三区| 亚洲人成影院在线观看| 2023国产一二三区日本精品2022| 欧美亚洲综合久久| 成人国产精品免费观看动漫| 乱中年女人伦av一区二区| 一区二区三区久久久| 国产欧美精品一区aⅴ影院| 欧美日本一区二区三区四区| 99久久婷婷国产综合精品电影| 久久国产视频网| 五月综合激情网| 亚洲人成网站影音先锋播放| 久久久久亚洲蜜桃| 欧美一区二区三区不卡| 在线免费观看成人短视频| 成人美女视频在线看| 久久激情五月婷婷| 天天做天天摸天天爽国产一区| 亚洲天堂久久久久久久| 国产女同互慰高潮91漫画| 精品噜噜噜噜久久久久久久久试看| 欧美在线不卡一区| 97se亚洲国产综合自在线观| 国产精品伊人色| 精品一区二区免费在线观看| 视频一区视频二区中文字幕| 亚洲一区二区三区四区在线免费观看 | 无吗不卡中文字幕| 一区二区三区中文在线观看| 中文字幕国产一区二区| 久久久久久综合| 精品国产sm最大网站免费看| 91精品国产一区二区三区蜜臀| 欧美伊人精品成人久久综合97| 99精品视频在线播放观看| 国产不卡一区视频| 国产精品夜夜爽| 国产一区二区在线观看免费| 美国毛片一区二区三区| 日韩成人午夜电影| 日韩精品三区四区| 性欧美疯狂xxxxbbbb| 亚洲亚洲精品在线观看| 亚洲一区视频在线| 一区二区理论电影在线观看| 亚洲黄色小视频| 亚洲精品久久嫩草网站秘色| 亚洲日本在线天堂| 亚洲欧美另类图片小说| 亚洲欧美日韩综合aⅴ视频| 亚洲天堂福利av| 亚洲精品成a人| 一区二区三区不卡在线观看| 亚洲自拍欧美精品| 亚洲一区二区高清| 午夜日韩在线电影| 日韩av不卡在线观看| 欧美aⅴ一区二区三区视频| 青青草国产精品亚洲专区无| 日本成人在线看| 久久精品国产在热久久| 精品一区二区三区影院在线午夜| 六月丁香综合在线视频| 狠狠色狠狠色综合日日91app| 国模套图日韩精品一区二区| 国产成人午夜99999| 成人综合婷婷国产精品久久蜜臀 | 亚洲国产日韩a在线播放| 亚洲国产精品久久人人爱| 偷拍日韩校园综合在线| 蜜桃av一区二区三区电影| 久久精品国产99国产| 国产美女娇喘av呻吟久久| 丁香六月综合激情| 色综合天天狠狠| 欧美喷潮久久久xxxxx| 日韩三级电影网址| 久久久久久日产精品| 国产精品久久久久久久岛一牛影视| 1区2区3区欧美| 午夜一区二区三区在线观看| 日本在线观看不卡视频| 国产一区二区三区最好精华液| 国产91精品精华液一区二区三区| 成人av电影在线观看| 91福利国产精品| 日韩一级黄色大片| 国产日韩精品一区二区三区| 亚洲丝袜自拍清纯另类| 亚洲成人福利片| 狠狠狠色丁香婷婷综合激情| 不卡视频在线观看| 欧美三级韩国三级日本一级| 日韩免费视频一区| 国产精品二三区| 香蕉成人啪国产精品视频综合网 | 精品88久久久久88久久久| 国产精品麻豆网站| 亚洲第一福利视频在线| 国产在线国偷精品免费看| 91理论电影在线观看| 欧美丰满少妇xxxxx高潮对白| 久久久久久久久久久久久久久99| 亚洲欧洲美洲综合色网| 日韩精品电影在线观看| 国产成人精品综合在线观看| 在线视频欧美区| 久久亚洲综合av| 亚洲自拍偷拍综合| 国产一区二区日韩精品| 欧美亚洲日本一区| 久久久精品国产免大香伊 | 亚洲一区二区三区国产| 国产麻豆9l精品三级站| 色网综合在线观看| 26uuu精品一区二区三区四区在线| 亚洲欧美偷拍三级| 精品在线免费观看| 欧美中文字幕一二三区视频| 久久久青草青青国产亚洲免观| 亚洲香肠在线观看| 国产ts人妖一区二区| 欧美日本视频在线| 中文字幕一区在线| 精品中文字幕一区二区小辣椒| 91黄色在线观看| 国产欧美日韩视频一区二区| 三级欧美韩日大片在线看| 波多野结衣91| 久久亚洲精品国产精品紫薇| 亚洲国产美女搞黄色| jizz一区二区| 欧美r级在线观看| 亚洲午夜久久久久| 不卡影院免费观看| 精品美女一区二区三区| 亚洲成人免费看| 暴力调教一区二区三区| 欧美成人r级一区二区三区| 亚洲一区二区三区四区五区黄| 国产成人精品亚洲777人妖 | 国产欧美1区2区3区| 另类的小说在线视频另类成人小视频在线| 91麻豆免费观看| 国产日韩av一区二区| 蜜桃精品视频在线观看| 欧美日韩中文字幕一区| 中文字幕日韩一区| 国产91丝袜在线播放九色| 日韩一区二区不卡| 五月婷婷久久丁香| 欧洲av一区二区嗯嗯嗯啊| 国产精品久99| 国产成人午夜99999| 2022国产精品视频| 麻豆成人久久精品二区三区红 | 久久久久久一级片| 麻豆91在线播放免费|