久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

Make me your Homepage
left corner left corner
China Daily Website

Firms could help ease grads' woes

Updated: 2013-08-27 06:57
By Hu Yifan ( China Daily)

Firms could help ease grads' woes

The inconsistency in the job market for college graduates could intensify and even lead to rising unemployment in urban China in the coming years. College graduates have been finding it increasingly difficult to get a job because of multiple factors, especially a mismatch between the national education structure and labor demand.

The number of graduates churned out by universities has increased from 1.6 million in 1999 to 7 million in 2013, representing an average annual growth of 11.83 percent, a figure higher than China's GDP growth rate.

Chinese people's faith in education, especially college education, has deepened after the government expanded the college admission scheme in 1999. Chinese families push their children to acquire higher education in the hope of giving them a brighter future. They believe a college degree is the least a youth requires to succeed in life. As a result, the number of college graduates jumped from 1.6 million in 1999 to 2.12 million in 2003, when the first batch of graduates emerged after the college expansion scheme, and hit 4.13 million in 2006.

But China's economy still relies, to a large extent, on manufacturing despite the fast growth in the service sector in the recent years. The manufacturing sector currently accounts for 45 percent of China's GDP and 30 percent of jobs. A survey of the labor market shows 103 major cities had 2.23 million job openings in the manufacturing sector, or 36.5 percent of total, in March 2013, compared with 0.93 million in 2006.

Job openings in State-owned enterprises have been quite steady over the past seven years -160,000 in 2007, 120,000 in 2008, 190,000 in 2011, 130,000 in 2010, 110,000 each in 2011 and 2012, and 130,000 in the first quarter of 2013.

The craze for higher education among today's youths has caused a structural mismatch in the labor market causing an oversupply of college graduates and shortage of vocational and technical school graduates. The supply of college graduates has been more than the demand for them in the job market since 2006. In contrast, the demand for vocational and technical school graduates has grown rapidly, and they have been in short supply since 2011.

The German industrial model is frequently used as an example of durable success because it has made the country the locomotive driving the eurozone in terms of exports and growth. The reason for Germany's success is the structure and dynamism of the so-called Mittelstand, made up of innovative small and medium-sized enterprises, which account for 50 percent of total private investment, 72 percent of private employment and 80 percent of all apprenticeships in the country.

The Mittelstand model also owes its success to factors such as a solid fiscal condition, export-oriented production structure, guarantee of quality, long-term relations with banks, financial conservativeness, involvement in local economic activities, social agreements between companies and employees, apprenticeship, and strong ties between companies and universities. These factors help increase productivity and foster innovation.

Some major education-related factors have also made the German model a success. The dual model of education that offers theoretical education as well as on-the-job vocational training has played a big role in the German model's success.

Early entrance into the job market helps many Germans build bright technical and industrial careers. In fact, a host of German business leaders have risen from the rank of interns to occupy top management positions. No wonder, youth unemployment is much lower in Germany compared with other European Union countries.

The fact that many companies reward their best interns and/or employees with scholarships to study engineering or earn a higher degree helps the managements to nurture as well as retain talents.

German companies do relocate low value-added activities to low-cost countries, but they keep the most innovative parts in Germany because keeping high value-added production in the country helps them develop better technology.

The continuous development of skills is a special feature of the German model, for which a company pays for most of the continuous training programs inside the plant. The strong industry-university ties create jobs for students and sow the seeds of innovation for companies. Since education and training are designed to meet the needs of companies, managements form clusters with universities to foster competitiveness.

The flexibility of employees and family culture plays a vital role in German companies' success. The Mittelstand has a continuity-based approach to employment. For example, during lean periods, or when production is low, employees get to keep their job but at the same time accept lower pay. And instead of wasting their free time, the employees use it to hone their skills and/or advance their technical and professional knowledge.

In other words, companies and their employees in Germany work like a family and cooperate to defend their interests.

Perhaps Chinese enterprises should give the German model a try, because it will not only help augment their performance and innovation capacity, but also improve the job prospects for graduates.

The author is head of research and chief economist of Haitong International Securities based in Hong Kong.

(China Daily 08/27/2013 page9)

 
8.03K
 
...
久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

    99国产欧美另类久久久精品| 午夜精品一区二区三区三上悠亚 | xvideos.蜜桃一区二区| 一区在线观看视频| 秋霞午夜鲁丝一区二区老狼| 99精品一区二区| 一个色综合av| 99久久精品国产精品久久| 亚洲激情成人在线| gogogo免费视频观看亚洲一| 2欧美一区二区三区在线观看视频| 国产麻豆一精品一av一免费| 欧美肥妇free| 亚洲午夜精品久久久久久久久| 成人免费视频网站在线观看| 亚洲精品在线电影| 免费欧美高清视频| 久久精品人人做人人综合| 免费在线观看成人| 国产蜜臀av在线一区二区三区| 国模无码大尺度一区二区三区| 欧美一区二区三区播放老司机| 夜夜爽夜夜爽精品视频| 欧美一级精品在线| 免费观看一级特黄欧美大片| 国产丝袜美腿一区二区三区| 欧美性xxxxxx少妇| 亚洲另类中文字| 日韩一卡二卡三卡四卡| 成人精品小蝌蚪| 亚洲mv在线观看| 制服丝袜在线91| 蜜桃视频在线观看一区| 777午夜精品免费视频| 国产乱人伦精品一区二区在线观看| 精品欧美一区二区三区精品久久| 国模套图日韩精品一区二区| 一区二区三区日韩欧美精品| 欧美电视剧在线看免费| 国产尤物一区二区在线 | 中文字幕在线视频一区| 成人精品一区二区三区中文字幕 | 粉嫩av一区二区三区在线播放| 日本一区二区三区在线不卡| 欧美精品一级二级三级| 成人av动漫在线| 亚洲免费观看高清完整版在线| 在线观看网站黄不卡| 亚洲一区二区三区三| 69精品人人人人| 99在线精品视频| 久久99国产精品免费网站| 国产日韩欧美亚洲| 欧美男女性生活在线直播观看| 蜜臀久久99精品久久久画质超高清| 成人免费一区二区三区在线观看| 日韩精品一区二区在线观看| 在线免费亚洲电影| 丰满少妇在线播放bd日韩电影| 日韩av高清在线观看| 2021国产精品久久精品| 欧美绝品在线观看成人午夜影视| 97se亚洲国产综合在线| 国产成人午夜精品影院观看视频 | a亚洲天堂av| 国内成人精品2018免费看| 天天色综合天天| 一区二区三区精品久久久| 国产精品每日更新在线播放网址| 91福利精品第一导航| 天堂蜜桃91精品| 久久婷婷成人综合色| 制服丝袜日韩国产| 欧美亚洲国产一区二区三区va| 成人精品鲁一区一区二区| 国产制服丝袜一区| 美美哒免费高清在线观看视频一区二区| 亚洲精品网站在线观看| 国产精品美女久久久久av爽李琼| 337p日本欧洲亚洲大胆色噜噜| 91精品国产综合久久久蜜臀粉嫩 | 亚洲综合久久久久| 亚洲免费观看在线观看| 中文字幕日韩av资源站| 日本一二三四高清不卡| 精品视频在线免费看| 国产精品99久久久久久久vr| 久久精品久久精品| 亚洲欧美日韩人成在线播放| 国产精品丝袜在线| 欧美国产一区二区在线观看| 26uuu精品一区二区三区四区在线 26uuu精品一区二区在线观看 | 国产精品系列在线播放| 久久国产日韩欧美精品| 奇米一区二区三区| 免费久久精品视频| 日本不卡视频一二三区| 免费av成人在线| 蜜臀a∨国产成人精品| 蜜桃在线一区二区三区| 久久精品国产第一区二区三区| 日本vs亚洲vs韩国一区三区二区| 首页综合国产亚洲丝袜| 日本不卡123| 九色|91porny| 欧美日韩卡一卡二| 亚洲精品日韩一| 樱花影视一区二区| 玉米视频成人免费看| 亚洲一区二区免费视频| 午夜精品久久久久影视| 日韩精品三区四区| 奇米四色…亚洲| 国产一区二区调教| 成人午夜激情影院| 91丨九色丨蝌蚪丨老版| 麻豆91精品视频| 久久99精品国产.久久久久| 国产在线播放一区三区四| 成人午夜av电影| 91最新地址在线播放| 欧美影视一区二区三区| 欧美人妇做爰xxxⅹ性高电影| 欧美一区二区女人| 久久免费的精品国产v∧| 91精品国产欧美一区二区成人 | 精品日韩在线一区| 国产亚洲综合色| 亚洲欧洲日本在线| 亚洲高清在线精品| 裸体一区二区三区| 国产福利一区二区三区视频在线| www.激情成人| 欧美午夜一区二区三区| 日韩一区二区三区在线视频| 久久久不卡网国产精品二区| 国产精品嫩草99a| 亚洲中国最大av网站| 蜜臀av亚洲一区中文字幕| 成人午夜在线视频| 欧美亚洲综合久久| 欧美成人精品高清在线播放| 国产精品美女一区二区三区| 亚洲在线成人精品| 久久国产精品露脸对白| 成人av免费网站| 欧美高清视频不卡网| 久久久精品综合| 亚洲激情五月婷婷| 美日韩一区二区| 成人高清伦理免费影院在线观看| 欧美视频一区在线| 337p日本欧洲亚洲大胆精品| 亚洲女人****多毛耸耸8| 蜜臀av在线播放一区二区三区| 成人国产精品免费观看视频| 欧美日韩久久久| 国产欧美一区二区在线观看| 亚洲午夜av在线| 国产99一区视频免费| 欧美日韩视频在线观看一区二区三区| 精品国产露脸精彩对白| 亚洲女女做受ⅹxx高潮| 国产又黄又大久久| 欧美日韩免费视频| 国产日产欧美一区二区视频| 亚洲成年人网站在线观看| 国产91在线|亚洲| 欧美精品久久久久久久多人混战| 国产欧美一区二区在线| 天堂一区二区在线| 99精品视频一区二区| 欧美va亚洲va在线观看蝴蝶网| 自拍av一区二区三区| 亚洲一区二区三区四区在线 | 精品在线亚洲视频| 在线看国产日韩| 国产亚洲1区2区3区| 日本在线不卡视频一二三区| 91免费在线看| 久久精品人人做| 日韩福利电影在线| 色香蕉久久蜜桃| 欧美系列日韩一区| 欧美激情一区二区| 日本va欧美va精品发布| 色久优优欧美色久优优| 国产午夜精品美女毛片视频| 日日夜夜免费精品视频| 91麻豆免费视频| 国产亚洲午夜高清国产拍精品| 日韩精品乱码av一区二区| 91精品办公室少妇高潮对白| 欧美国产日本视频| 久久66热偷产精品| 欧美一区二区三区影视| 亚洲午夜激情网站| 色哟哟欧美精品| 亚洲四区在线观看| 风间由美一区二区三区在线观看|