久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

US EUROPE AFRICA ASIA 中文
Business / View

Paving the BRICS' road ahead

By Renato Baumann (China Daily) Updated: 2014-07-14 07:29

The term BRIC (later BRICS) is the creation of an economist, Jim O'Neill, who first used it in his publication, Building Better Global Economic BRICs, while identifying potentially promising markets for business. There is evidence that at least BRICS' original four economies (Brazil, Russia, India and China) had already been considering each other as potential partners before O'Neill clubbed them together in a group. The term, therefore, was coined at a very favorable moment - at a time when the four countries were growing at a fast pace and had begun demanding greater say in global matters.

Two aspects of BRICS are especially important. First is the set of arguments that led to the coining of the term. The four original members of the group are economies with big populations, large geographical areas, rather diversified productive structures and have economic growth rates higher than those of industrialized economies. These characteristics are among the main reasons why the four economies have sought joint courses of action.

If the first set of arguments emphasizes similarities, the second stresses the differences among them in terms of their geographies, histories and economies, and thus leads to skepticism over convergence of ideas and joint action.

The two aspects explain in part the performance of this group so far.

Paving the BRICS' road ahead

Until a decade ago, the four countries had totally different standings in the international community. The governance of the main multilateral institutions was distorted, as emerging economies such as China, Russia, Brazil and India didn't have much say in their operations. BRIC was formed to set this wrong right, although its agenda was chiefly economic.

Over the years, however, it became clear that the low degree of mutual knowledge among the BRICS members (South Africa joined it in 2010) called for a broader agenda. Just like common purpose is needed for joint action, members of any organization need deeper mutual knowledge to realize the potential of each other.

The more the areas of joint interest, the deeper will be the level of mutual knowledge, and the better will be the exchange of goods, services and technologies. But there is always the risk of losing sight of the actual objectives.

And although a very high number of objectives means no objective at all, it has been argued that the greater the interaction among these economies, the easier it will be for them to decide on joint courses of action and, hence, joint strategies. It is, therefore, reasonable to amplify the joint commitments in an increasing number of areas.

The positive, official argument in favor of BRICS is that the group has made some achievements, by demanding more voting share in the International Monetary Fund and working to set up a development bank and a mechanism that will have a large pool of foreign exchange reserves to help members deal with external crises.

By mounting pressure at the G20 in the coming months, BRICS could succeed in getting the IMF membership quotas changed and consolidate this small but significant achievement. And the BRICS summit in Brazil - staring on Monday - could see the formal establishment of the development bank and the mechanism for foreign exchange reserve pool.

The path that BRICS should choose after that is still an open question. To help identify possible future paths, the heads of state and government of BRICS have created a few mechanisms, which also includes civil society - the Business Council, Academic Forum and the Think Tanks Council - which should act as additional channels for proposals on specific lines of action.

In March 2014, the Academic Forum and the Think Tanks Council met in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where they discussed a number of issues at 10 technical sessions, marked by open debates and transmission in real time via the Internet. The Think Tanks Council will prepare a joint report, with input from the five countries' researchers, to provide a long-term shared vision, joint perception of the BRICS' role in the international community and specific proposals on the future course of action.

The report will be based on the five pillars of BRICS - promoting cooperation for economic growth and development; peace and security; social justice, sustainable development and quality of life; political and economic governance; and progress through knowledge and innovation sharing.

It is expected that by the 2015 BRICS summit, quite a substantive part of the work will be done and many concrete suggestions on further lines of action will be forthcoming.

The author is director of the Institute for Applied Economic Research, Brazil. The views in the article are the author's own.

 

Hot Topics

Editor's Picks
...
...
久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

    jizz欧美性11| 精品少妇人妻av免费久久洗澡| www国产无套内射com| 激情五月开心婷婷| 91国在线高清视频| xxww在线观看| 国产成人久久婷婷精品流白浆| 精品一区二区成人免费视频| 日韩毛片在线免费看| 久久久国内精品| 中文字幕资源在线观看| 国产又黄又猛视频| 国产综合中文字幕| 超碰97在线看| 国产大片一区二区三区| 美女一区二区三区视频| 999在线观看视频| 国产激情片在线观看| 午夜激情视频网| 粉色视频免费看| 免费观看成人在线视频| 一女被多男玩喷潮视频| www.国产在线播放| 自拍偷拍视频在线| aaa一级黄色片| mm131亚洲精品| caopor在线视频| 欧美视频第一区| 久久久999视频| 无码中文字幕色专区| 日本五级黄色片| 成人高清dvd| 久久久成人精品一区二区三区| 国产欧美激情视频| 手机版av在线| www.99r| 日韩不卡一二三| 五月婷婷激情久久| www.亚洲高清| 中日韩av在线播放| 美女在线视频一区二区| 日本在线一二三区| 色片在线免费观看| 精品综合久久久久| 一级 黄 色 片一| 天天综合天天添夜夜添狠狠添| 男人添女人下面免费视频| 国产精品久久a| 中文字幕国产免费| 中文字幕一区久久| www.51色.com| 国产日产欧美一区二区| 欧洲金发美女大战黑人| www.亚洲成人网| 日韩视频在线视频| a√天堂在线观看| 已婚少妇美妙人妻系列| 欧美三级午夜理伦三级富婆| 手机av在线免费| 超碰免费在线公开| 免费高清一区二区三区| 无罩大乳的熟妇正在播放| 黑鬼大战白妞高潮喷白浆| 亚洲男人天堂色| 日韩一区二区三区久久| 91社在线播放| 色欲色香天天天综合网www| 国产高清精品在线观看| 中文字幕视频在线免费观看| 日本一二三区在线| 一二三四中文字幕| 久久久久久久久久久99| 蜜臀视频一区二区三区| www.久久av.com| 国产女人18毛片| 欧美丰满熟妇bbbbbb百度| 在线观看的毛片| 色一情一乱一乱一区91| av黄色在线网站| 另类小说第一页| 中文字幕第50页| 日本精品免费在线观看| 日本中文字幕精品—区二区| 欧美美女黄色网| 日韩欧美xxxx| 97精品国产97久久久久久粉红| 国产青青在线视频| 国产三级精品三级在线| 精品丰满人妻无套内射| 久久久精品麻豆| 四虎4hu永久免费入口| 成人黄色片视频| av动漫免费观看| 欧洲av无码放荡人妇网站| 国产精品jizz在线观看老狼| 99热在线这里只有精品| 国产高清av片| av观看免费在线| 红桃一区二区三区| 免费涩涩18网站入口| 国产成人永久免费视频| 中文字幕天天干| 国产精品久久久久9999爆乳| av中文字幕网址| 日韩在线视频在线观看| 黄色一级片网址| 青青在线视频免费| 91视频 - 88av| 手机看片一级片| 波多野结衣家庭教师在线| 日本三级福利片| 九九九在线观看视频| 丰满少妇大力进入| 日韩精品在线播放视频| 久久婷婷国产91天堂综合精品| 妞干网视频在线观看| www.51色.com| 最近中文字幕一区二区| 大j8黑人w巨大888a片| 一级黄色片播放| 91pony九色| 五月天激情视频在线观看| 99爱视频在线| 东北少妇不带套对白| www.亚洲一区二区| 亚洲欧美自拍另类日韩| 国内外免费激情视频| 自拍日韩亚洲一区在线| 国产在线无码精品| 中文字幕免费高| 国产精欧美一区二区三区白种人| 青青在线视频免费| 91视频最新入口| 国产人妻777人伦精品hd| 伊人网在线免费| 国产系列第一页| 不卡中文字幕在线观看| 午夜国产一区二区三区| 人人干人人视频| 黄色av免费在线播放| 夫妻免费无码v看片| 免费看一级大黄情大片| 久久久久久人妻一区二区三区| 国产精品国三级国产av| 300部国产真实乱| 992tv成人免费观看| 久久免费视频2| 天堂v在线视频| 黄色a级在线观看| 免费不卡av网站| 精品国产无码在线| 香蕉视频在线网址| 在线观看成人免费| 日本黄网站色大片免费观看| 久久久久福利视频| 国内少妇毛片视频| www插插插无码视频网站| 亚洲熟妇无码一区二区三区| 国产极品尤物在线| 男女午夜激情视频| 亚洲精品高清无码视频| 91视频免费版污| 在线观看免费的av| 伊人成人免费视频| 久久香蕉视频网站| www.好吊操| 无码人妻丰满熟妇区96| 国产成人无码av在线播放dvd| 天天干在线影院| 色网站在线视频| 狠狠精品干练久久久无码中文字幕| 屁屁影院ccyy国产第一页| 免费观看国产精品视频| 国产超级av在线| 国产一级特黄a大片免费| 福利视频999| 国产尤物av一区二区三区 | 中文精品无码中文字幕无码专区| 久青草视频在线播放| 黄色免费视频大全| 国产高清视频网站| 亚洲国产午夜精品| 久久久国内精品| 999香蕉视频| 91亚洲一区二区| 久久人人爽人人爽人人av| 国产成人久久777777| www.污污视频| 成人在线播放网址| 日韩精品一区中文字幕| 在线成人免费av| 免费国产黄色网址| 777一区二区| www.国产二区| 亚洲视频在线观看一区二区三区| 国产精品嫩草影视| av网站在线观看不卡| 中文字幕一区二区在线观看视频| 日本阿v视频在线观看| 成人性生生活性生交12|