久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

CHINA> Focus
Restoring ancient texts a painstaking art
By Liu Jun (China Daily)
Updated: 2008-08-26 09:48

Bending over a brown scroll unfolded over a huge desk, Hu Yuqing meticulously picked on the edge of a new piece of paper that she had glued to the old scroll with a pair of tweezers. She spread the feathery fibers of the paper, which are less than 0.5 cm long, onto the scroll evenly.

"This ensures that the new material won't be stuck to the old scroll abruptly, which will exert too much pressure on the fragile scroll and cause further damage," she explained.

The scroll, full of neat rows of fingernail-sized Chinese characters, is part of a Buddhist scripture hand-written in the Tang Dynasty (AD618-907). Scorched for unknown reasons on both ends, the scripture is one of the precious Dunhuang scrolls stored at the National Library in Beijing.

Hu Yuqing and her 29 colleagues at the Rare Books Restoration Center of the National Library have repaired 5,000m, or half of the Dunhuang scrolls in the library over the past 18 years.

Hu is one of fewer than 200 professionals in China who can restore ancient texts. Despite a shortage of funding, Hu and her colleagues have devoted themselves to restoring the ancient classics, whose mere existence has helped preserve Chinese civilization for some 3,000 years.

In an unprecedented national survey last year, researchers discovered that one third of 30 million classics of historical value, either written on paper or silk, or carved on bamboo slips or other materials, was in urgent need of restoration.

A major boost for the preservation of classics came last March when the State Council issued the first List of National Treasures. The Dunhuang scrolls were included in the 2,392 items of utmost value. The scrolls were first discovered in 1900 in a hidden cave at the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes of Northwest China's Gansu province, a holy site of Buddhism on the ancient Silk Road.

Of the more than 50,000 pieces of the Dunhuang scrolls in museums, libraries and private collections around the world, some 16,000 are designated national treasures at the National Library.

A palm-sized piece of darker brown paper covered a hole in the scroll Hu was working on one recent day. It was glued on there during a previous restoration by a restorer who had used a piece of a less valuable book to repair the hole.

"There is a certain communication that I have with my predecessors as I repair the damaged scrolls," Hu said.

She has done one-fifth of the restoration work of the scrolls since joining the team in 1987. "It was dull at first, but you get used to it," she said.

According to Du Weisheng, 56, the senior member of the team, the oldest Dunhuang scrolls at the library are more than 1,600 years old. "After our restoration work, they can last for at least another 500 years, " he said.

An army veteran, Du joined the library staff in 1975. He has done restoration work on all four major treasures at the library: the Dunhuang scrolls, the 900-year-old Grand Buddhist Scriptures from the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234), the 600-year-old Yongle Encyclopedia and the 200-year-old Siku Quanshu (Complete Library of the Four Branches).

However, restoring ancient texts is far more than just patching and mending. "It takes learning in many fields for someone to succeed in this career," said Zhang Ping, 55, former head of the restoration center.


The General History of All Eight Banners, a book dating back to the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), before (left) and after insect holes were patched. Photos courtesy of Rare Books Restoration Center. [China Daily]

For example, a master in ancient text restoration must be a connoisseur of paper and fabrics to know what materials to use for repairs. A restorer should also have the expertise to recognize when a book was published from its edition and printing style, Zhang explained.

When the pages of a book are loose or damaged, a restorer must be able to read ancient Chinese well to sort them out in sequence. When the pictures are damaged or indistinct, it helps if he or she knows how to paint to add strokes and colors where they are needed, Zhang said.

"We treat ancient works like doctors their patients. We need to diagnose before deciding on what steps to take. Many classics are the sole copies extant. An error could cause an irrevocable loss. The longer I work in this profession, the more I feel like I am skating on thin ice," said Zhang, who joined the library some 20 years ago as a carpenter.


With a microscope, Meng Xiaohong of the Rare Books Restoration Center studies the fiber content of a Peking Opera performace list used about 100 years ago in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) imperial court. [China Daily]

Du was equally cautious. "It can take me two days to restore one stroke of a written character. That bit of information, however insignificant, could be invaluable to researchers."

Meng Xiaohong is one of the youngest members of the team. In her early 30s, Meng came to the center two years ago with a Masters degree in chemistry from the China University of Mining and Technology and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Unlike her colleagues who work with tweezers, glue and paint brushes, Meng was armed with two microscopes and a computer. She analyzes tiny scraps of paper fibers from ancient books. Her report on the physical and chemical condition of the fiber help the restorers find similar materials and, more importantly, find ways for duplicating them.

In repairing the Yongle Encyclopedia, a collection of some 7,000 ancient works, the team couldn't find the same fiber for a book cover. In the summer of 2002, Zhang rode her bicycle all over the city before spotting a similar material at Ruifuxiang, a store selling silk and clothes.

If they could replicate old paper, such an arduous search would be unnecessary, Meng said.

Speaking with an evident passion for her work, Meng compared the aim of her job to the famous armless statue of the Venus de Milo: "You must respect history and beauty, even if it means broken beauty."

 

 

久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

    伊人婷婷欧美激情| 麻豆91精品91久久久的内涵| 91福利在线免费观看| 亚洲精品国产精华液| 在线成人免费观看| 精品一区二区三区在线视频| 国产三级欧美三级日产三级99| 成人免费黄色在线| 亚洲精品国久久99热| 欧美另类高清zo欧美| 国产一区二区在线视频| 国产精品成人免费在线| 欧美日韩国产片| 国产乱码精品一区二区三区五月婷 | 国产亚洲一区二区三区在线观看| av动漫一区二区| 五月天激情综合| 久久午夜国产精品| 色综合久久中文综合久久97| 天堂影院一区二区| 欧美韩日一区二区三区| 欧洲一区二区av| 国产一区在线看| 一区二区三区成人| 26uuu国产在线精品一区二区| 不卡电影一区二区三区| 日韩精品1区2区3区| 国产精品毛片久久久久久久| 欧美福利视频一区| 成人一区二区三区中文字幕| 丝袜诱惑制服诱惑色一区在线观看| 日韩欧美国产一二三区| av中文字幕亚洲| 婷婷丁香久久五月婷婷| 国产日韩av一区二区| 欧美日韩在线综合| 成人免费毛片片v| 日本va欧美va瓶| 亚洲欧美日韩国产另类专区| 日韩欧美不卡在线观看视频| 91麻豆免费观看| 国产一区在线不卡| 亚洲成人自拍一区| 中文字幕免费不卡| 日韩欧美一级精品久久| 91黄色小视频| 丁香另类激情小说| 奇米精品一区二区三区在线观看| 中文字幕一区二区三区精华液 | 久久精品综合网| 欧美喷潮久久久xxxxx| 成人动漫精品一区二区| 另类综合日韩欧美亚洲| 亚洲一区二区在线视频| 国产精品免费观看视频| 欧美成人a视频| 欧美日韩成人一区二区| 99热99精品| 国产成人精品亚洲日本在线桃色| 天天综合色天天综合色h| 成人欧美一区二区三区小说| 欧美精品一区二区三区一线天视频| 欧美图片一区二区三区| 久久久国产综合精品女国产盗摄| 在线精品亚洲一区二区不卡| 粉嫩嫩av羞羞动漫久久久| 麻豆国产精品777777在线| 亚洲成av人片一区二区三区| 亚洲色图丝袜美腿| 欧美激情在线观看视频免费| 欧美v日韩v国产v| 欧美丰满少妇xxxxx高潮对白| 在线视频国产一区| 成人h动漫精品| 国产精品亚洲专一区二区三区| 日本网站在线观看一区二区三区| 一区二区三区四区五区视频在线观看| 国产精品视频看| 欧美经典三级视频一区二区三区| 精品捆绑美女sm三区| 日韩一卡二卡三卡国产欧美| 在线观看91精品国产麻豆| 欧美日韩中文字幕一区| 91蝌蚪porny| eeuss鲁片一区二区三区在线观看 eeuss鲁片一区二区三区在线看 | 亚洲天天做日日做天天谢日日欢| 久久久精品免费观看| 精品国产乱码久久久久久蜜臀 | 亚洲欧洲在线观看av| 国产女同性恋一区二区| 久久久精品免费免费| 久久久亚洲高清| 久久亚洲一级片| 精品99一区二区| 久久综合九色综合97_久久久| 精品日韩在线观看| 精品少妇一区二区三区| 日韩午夜在线影院| 日韩欧美国产综合| 精品欧美一区二区久久| 日韩欧美一卡二卡| 亚洲精品一区二区三区香蕉| 精品福利一区二区三区| 久久精品欧美一区二区三区麻豆| 久久精品欧美日韩| 国产精品午夜在线观看| 国产精品欧美极品| 自拍av一区二区三区| 亚洲日本成人在线观看| 亚洲黄色免费电影| 亚洲一区二区精品久久av| 亚洲va国产va欧美va观看| 日本特黄久久久高潮| 麻豆91在线看| 国产经典欧美精品| 成人性生交大片免费看视频在线| 成人av在线一区二区三区| 91一区二区三区在线观看| 日本高清不卡视频| 777精品伊人久久久久大香线蕉| 3d成人h动漫网站入口| 欧美成人伊人久久综合网| 久久免费视频色| 国产精品高潮久久久久无| 亚洲欧美二区三区| 五月激情综合婷婷| 久久精品国产澳门| 国产91色综合久久免费分享| 99精品在线免费| 欧美色图一区二区三区| 日韩美女视频在线| 国产亚洲综合在线| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区极速播放 | 91精品国产91久久久久久一区二区| 欧美变态凌虐bdsm| 国产精品国产三级国产有无不卡 | 91福利在线播放| 日韩亚洲欧美综合| 日本一二三不卡| 亚洲国产一区二区a毛片| 久久电影网站中文字幕| 成人av动漫网站| 欧美色精品在线视频| 久久免费午夜影院| 一区二区三区中文免费| 久久精品国产色蜜蜜麻豆| 99这里都是精品| 91精品国产福利在线观看| 国产欧美日韩亚州综合| 一区二区三区欧美久久| 麻豆成人av在线| 91丨九色丨黑人外教| 日韩一级欧美一级| 国产精品福利av| 日韩高清在线观看| av资源站一区| 日韩一区二区精品| 国产精品福利电影一区二区三区四区| 日日夜夜精品视频天天综合网| 国产精品亚洲а∨天堂免在线| 91福利在线导航| 久久精品视频免费观看| 亚洲大片精品永久免费| 国产suv一区二区三区88区| 欧美日韩国产首页| 国产精品欧美极品| 美女任你摸久久| 91无套直看片红桃| 日韩三级伦理片妻子的秘密按摩| 中文字幕视频一区| 激情综合色丁香一区二区| 色噜噜夜夜夜综合网| 日韩理论在线观看| 午夜视频在线观看一区| 国产精品 欧美精品| 欧美绝品在线观看成人午夜影视| 国产女人18毛片水真多成人如厕| 舔着乳尖日韩一区| 91免费视频观看| 久久亚洲精华国产精华液| 亚洲香肠在线观看| 成人激情免费视频| 精品国产成人在线影院| 一区二区欧美国产| 成人福利视频在线看| 538prom精品视频线放| 亚洲欧美激情小说另类| 国产成人99久久亚洲综合精品| 7777精品伊人久久久大香线蕉的| 亚洲视频在线一区二区| 国产精品18久久久久久久久久久久 | 91欧美一区二区| 久久久久久久久久久99999| 日韩电影一区二区三区| 91亚洲精华国产精华精华液| 久久精品一区二区三区四区| 婷婷综合在线观看| 9人人澡人人爽人人精品| www激情久久| 婷婷中文字幕综合|