久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

Top News

Blame Denmark, not China, for Copenhagen failure

(Agencies)
Updated: 2010-01-01 12:53
Large Medium Small

It's been several days since the chaotic end to the Copenhagen climate conference but the aftershocks from its failure are still reverberating. As John Prescott points out in his letter to the Guardian, the pointing of fingers in the blame game does not help the regaining of trust needed for the positive resumption of talks early next year and to complete them by December 2010, the new deadline agreed to in Copenhagen.

First, the misinformation put out in the past few days has to be corrected. The UK climate secretary, Ed Miliband, backed by individuals such as Mark Lynas (both writing in the Guardian) have turned on China as the villain that "hijacked" the conference. The main "evidence" they gave was that China vetoed an "agreement" on a 50% reduction in global emissions by 2050 and an 80% reduction by developed countries, in the small meeting of 26 leaders on Copenhagen's final day.

 Full Coverage:
Blame Denmark, not China, for Copenhagen failure Copenhagen Summit

Related readings:
Blame Denmark, not China, for Copenhagen failure China not to blame on climate: FM
Blame Denmark, not China, for Copenhagen failure Europe feels left out in cold on climate deal
Blame Denmark, not China, for Copenhagen failure China refutes British criticism over climate talks
Blame Denmark, not China, for Copenhagen failure UN's long marchin search of climate solutions

Blame Denmark, not China, for Copenhagen failure Wen?stresses co-op against climate change

There was indeed a "hijack" in Copenhagen, but it was not by China. The hijack was organised by the host government, Denmark, whose prime minister convened a meeting of 26 leaders in the last two days of the conference, in an attempt to override the painstaking negotiations taking place among 193 countries throughout the two weeks and in fact in the past two to four years.

That exclusive meeting was not mandated by the UN climate convention. Indeed, the developing countries had warned the Danish prime minister, Lars Lokke Rasmussen, not to come up with his own "Danish text" to be negotiated by a small group that he himself would select, as this would violate the multilateral treaty-based process, and would replace the documents carefully negotiated by all countries with one unilaterally issued by the host country.

Despite this, the Danish government produced just such a document, and it convened exactly the kind of exclusive group that would undermine the UN climate convention's multilateral and democratic process. Under that process, the 193 countries had been collectively working on coming to a conclusion on the many aspects of the climate deal.

Weeks before, it had become clear that Copenhagen could not adopt a full agreement because many basic differences remained. Copenhagen should have been designed as a stepping stone to a future successful outcome accepted by all. Unfortunately, the host country Denmark selected a small number of the 110 top leaders who came, to meet in secret, without the mandate or even knowledge of the convention's membership.

The selected leaders were given a draft Danish document that mainly represented the developed countries' positions, thereby marginalising the developing countries' views tabled at the two-year negotiations.

Meanwhile, most of the thousands of delegates were working for two weeks on producing two reports representing the latest state of play, indicating areas of agreement and those where final decisions still had to be taken.

These reports were finally adopted by the conference. They should have been announced as the real outcome of Copenhagen, together with a decision to resume and complete work next year. It would not have been a resounding success, but it would have been an honest ending that would not have been termed a failure.

Instead, the Copenhagen accord was criticised by the final plenary of members and not adopted. The unwise attempt by the Danish presidency to impose a non-legitimate meeting to override the legitimate multilateral process was the reason why Copenhagen will be considered a disaster.

The accord itself is weak mainly because it does not contain any commitments by the developed countries to cut their emissions in the medium term. Perhaps the reason for this most glaring omission is that the national pledges so far announced amount to only a 11-19% overall reduction by the developed countries by 2020 (compared to 1990), a far cry from the over 40% target demanded by the developing countries and recent science.

To deflect from this great failure on their part, the developed countries tried to inject long-term emission-reduction goals of 50% for the world and 80% for themselves, by 2050 compared to 1990. When this failed to get through the 26-country meeting, some countries, especially the UK, began to blame China for the failure of Copenhagen.

In fact, these targets, especially taken together, have been highly contentious during the two years of discussions, and for good reasons. They would result in a highly inequitable outcome where developed countries get off from their responsibilities and push the burden of adjustment onto the developing countries.

Together, they imply that developing countries would have to cut their emissions overall by about 20% in absolute terms and at least 60% in per capita terms. By 2050, developed countries with high per capita emissions – such as the US – would be allowed to have two to five times higher per capita emission levels than developing countries. The latter would have to severely curb not only their emissions but also their economic growth, especially since there is, up to now, no credible plans let alone commitments for financial and technology transfers to help them shift to a low-emissions development path.

The developed countries have already completed their industrialisation on the basis of cheap carbon-based energy and can afford to take on an 80% goal for 2050, especially since they now have the technological and organisational capacity and infrastructure. For a minimally equitable deal, they should commit to cuts of at least 200-400%, or move into negative emission territory, with net re-absorption of greenhouse gases, to enable developing countries the atmospheric space to develop.

The acceptance of the two targets would also have locked in a most unfair sharing of the remaining global carbon budget as it would have allowed the developed countries to get off free from their historical responsibility and their carbon debt. They would have been allocated the rights to a large amount of "carbon space", historically and in the future, without being given the obligation and responsibility to undertake adequate emission cuts nor to make adequate financial and technology transfers to developing countries.

Fortunately these targets are absent from the accord. The imperative for the negotiations next year is to agree on what science says is necessary for the world to do (in terms of limits to temperature rise or in global emissions cut) but also on what is a just and equitable formula for sharing the costs and burdens of adjustment, and to decide on both simultaneously. By asking for agreement on only a global goal and a very low commitment figure for their own obligatory cut, the developed countries were attempting to fix a global carbon budget distribution that enables them to get away with the hijacking of atmospheric space, a resource worth many trillions of dollars.

Learning from Copenhagen's mistakes, the countries should return to the multilateral track and resume negotiations in the climate convention's two working groups as early as possible.

They can start with the two reports passed at Copenhagen as reference points. There should not be more attempts to hijack this multilateral process, which represents our best hope to achieve final results.

The bottom-up democratic process is slower but also steadier, compared to the top-down attempt to impose a solution by a few powers that will always lack legitimacy in decision-making and success or sustainability in implementation.

久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

    欧美在线小视频| 色88888久久久久久影院野外| 久久久国产午夜精品| 国产一区二区三区| 亚洲国产高清aⅴ视频| 一本一本大道香蕉久在线精品 | 亚洲成人激情综合网| 91精品国产aⅴ一区二区| 久久国产精品99久久人人澡| 中文字幕国产一区二区| 色噜噜狠狠一区二区三区果冻| 亚洲午夜久久久久久久久电影网 | zzijzzij亚洲日本少妇熟睡| 亚洲免费在线播放| 制服.丝袜.亚洲.中文.综合| 国产一二三精品| 亚洲欧美日韩精品久久久久| 在线成人高清不卡| 韩国在线一区二区| 中文字幕欧美一区| 在线观看成人免费视频| 免费观看久久久4p| 国产精品日韩精品欧美在线| 在线观看视频欧美| 韩日av一区二区| 一区二区三区资源| 精品999久久久| 在线视频你懂得一区| 精品伊人久久久久7777人| 亚洲婷婷综合色高清在线| 欧美精品日韩综合在线| 成人天堂资源www在线| 五月天国产精品| 国产精品情趣视频| 91精品免费在线| 99久久精品99国产精品| 美日韩一区二区| 亚洲欧洲综合另类在线| 精品国产污网站| 在线观看一区二区视频| 日韩精品久久久久久| 亚洲精品久久7777| 制服视频三区第一页精品| 国产一区在线精品| 亚洲影视在线观看| 中文字幕av一区二区三区高| 欧美视频在线不卡| 国产精品一区二区不卡| 一区二区久久久| 欧美成人aa大片| 欧美在线观看视频一区二区三区| 国产老肥熟一区二区三区| 午夜国产精品一区| 国产精品无圣光一区二区| 欧美精品一二三区| 91免费观看视频在线| 蜜桃视频在线观看一区| 亚洲综合免费观看高清完整版| 国产日韩欧美高清在线| 日韩三级伦理片妻子的秘密按摩| 91黄视频在线| 成人黄色国产精品网站大全在线免费观看 | 亚洲电影一区二区三区| 中文字幕电影一区| 亚洲精品在线观| 日韩精品一区二区三区视频播放 | 欧美三级在线视频| 国产不卡高清在线观看视频| 美国毛片一区二区三区| caoporn国产一区二区| 奇米影视一区二区三区小说| 一片黄亚洲嫩模| 欧美国产激情一区二区三区蜜月| 精品国产一二三| 91精品黄色片免费大全| 一本久久精品一区二区| 国产剧情在线观看一区二区 | 日韩1区2区日韩1区2区| 一区二区日韩电影| 亚洲人成精品久久久久| 国产精品热久久久久夜色精品三区 | 久久色成人在线| 日韩写真欧美这视频| 91成人免费网站| 粉嫩在线一区二区三区视频| 国产一区二区电影| 精品写真视频在线观看| 久国产精品韩国三级视频| 免费成人在线视频观看| 日本怡春院一区二区| 五月婷婷久久丁香| 亚洲成av人片观看| 亚洲成人综合在线| 日韩高清中文字幕一区| 日韩一区二区在线观看视频 | 国产aⅴ综合色| 国产精品亚洲专一区二区三区| 精品无人区卡一卡二卡三乱码免费卡 | 99re在线视频这里只有精品| 成人黄色网址在线观看| 成人h动漫精品| 国产福利不卡视频| 国产电影一区在线| 国产成人在线影院| 成人激情综合网站| 成人免费毛片a| 成人黄动漫网站免费app| 白白色亚洲国产精品| 97精品视频在线观看自产线路二| 91污在线观看| 在线观看日韩一区| 欧美三级一区二区| 欧美日韩国产成人在线免费| 7777精品伊人久久久大香线蕉经典版下载| 欧美理论在线播放| 日韩欧美国产系列| 国产亚洲欧洲一区高清在线观看| 欧美极品aⅴ影院| 中文字幕在线一区二区三区| 亚洲精品视频免费看| 亚洲高清一区二区三区| 男男视频亚洲欧美| 国内外成人在线| 成人性生交大片免费| 色综合天天视频在线观看| 亚洲精品欧美二区三区中文字幕| 亚洲视频1区2区| 亚洲一区二区3| 日本怡春院一区二区| 久久草av在线| 成人少妇影院yyyy| 在线视频国产一区| 91精品国产黑色紧身裤美女| 久久―日本道色综合久久| 国产精品美女久久福利网站| 亚洲一区在线观看免费观看电影高清| 日韩在线一区二区| 国产九色sp调教91| 色成年激情久久综合| 91精品国产综合久久久久久久久久| 2024国产精品视频| 欧美三级一区二区| 国产成人在线看| 欧美调教femdomvk| 精品日韩99亚洲| 中文字幕永久在线不卡| 午夜不卡在线视频| 国产剧情一区在线| 91黄色免费网站| 精品国产免费一区二区三区香蕉| 国产精品理论在线观看| 丝袜美腿一区二区三区| 国产精品白丝jk白祙喷水网站| 在线中文字幕不卡| 精品日韩欧美在线| 亚洲日本韩国一区| 裸体歌舞表演一区二区| 97se狠狠狠综合亚洲狠狠| 91精品国产入口在线| 国产精品久久久久久久蜜臀| 午夜av一区二区三区| 岛国精品在线观看| 51精品秘密在线观看| 国产精品久久久久久久久晋中 | 日韩午夜在线观看视频| 国产网红主播福利一区二区| 亚洲国产日韩在线一区模特| 国产精品自在在线| 欧美高清一级片在线| 国产精品短视频| 久久精品久久综合| 91豆麻精品91久久久久久| 久久久不卡网国产精品一区| 亚洲国产乱码最新视频| 高清视频一区二区| 欧美一区三区二区| 亚洲欧美日韩国产成人精品影院| 激情深爱一区二区| 欧美美女网站色| 成人欧美一区二区三区小说 | 国产一区在线不卡| 欧美日韩精品综合在线| 国产精品你懂的| 美女www一区二区| 色香蕉久久蜜桃| 国产午夜亚洲精品午夜鲁丝片| 日韩福利电影在线| 日本电影欧美片| 国产精品美女久久久久av爽李琼| 久久精品国产77777蜜臀| 欧美亚洲国产一卡| 国产精品久久久久久久久晋中| 激情丁香综合五月| 制服丝袜亚洲网站| 亚洲综合激情网| 成人av电影免费观看| 久久久久久久电影| 蜜臀av性久久久久蜜臀aⅴ四虎| 色噜噜久久综合| 国产精品理论片|