久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

US EUROPE AFRICA ASIA 中文
China / Society

Low-grade coal is cheaper, but poses pollution challenge

By Zheng Jinran and Wang Yanfei (China Daily) Updated: 2015-12-21 08:33

Low-grade coal is cheaper, but poses pollution challenge

A worker checks a natural gas boiler that provides heating to residents in a village in Beijing's Mentougou district in November. The capital launched two projects that enabled rural residents to use electricity and natural gas for heating this year. [Li Xin / Xinhua]

Ministry inspections find practices in rural areas haven't been monitored

The recurring gray smog in Beijing is a symbol of the thorny side of the country's modernization. The challenge is how to alter the use of the inferior coal that's responsible for much of it.

Around 200 million residents in rural China, mostly in the northern parts of the country, use coal for household heating during the winter. To save money, many of them tend to use inferior types, Economic Daily reported.

Twenty to 30 years ago, most farmers primarily burned wood or crop stalks for winter warmth. Coal was considered a luxury.

Now, as that luxury from bygone days has become commonplace, its dirty reputation as a polluter has begun to rub off on those who use it. Contributing to smog has become tantamount to committing a crime.

In a recent inspection by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of 22 cities in northern China, officials came to the conclusion that coal burning - especially the low-quality coal - is the main cause of the steep deterioration in air quality over the winter months.

Coal burning for heating is a widespread phenomenon in the vast rural areas surrounding the few large modernized cities that have made the shift to cleaner energy.

The inspectors found that 22 percent of the coal samples from Beijing failed to meet national standards, along with 27 percent from Tianjin and 38 percent from Hebei province, which has a much larger rural population.

In many cities in Henan province, the coal used in rural areas was not covered by the local environmental authorities' regular monitoring system, the inspectors said. In fact, the management of coal usage in rural China has been loose, they said.

Related government agencies, such as those in charge of housing and rural development, were also criticized for having failed to be environmentally responsible.

As winter came around and many rural households started to use coal stoves for heating, it took only days for smog to build up in the skies of the region.

The national environmental watchdog's data show that in November the reading of the major hazardous airborne pollutant PM2.5 - particles 2.5 microns or less in diameter that endanger human health - saw an increase of close to 60 percent from last year in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area, one of the three largest city-clusters on the Chinese mainland. There were four more smoggy days in Beijing in November compared with last November.

Rural residential heating makes up only 2.6 percent of China's coal use, according to the National Bureau of Statistics. "But its impact on smog can't be ignored," said He Zhicheng, chief economist at Agricultural Bank of China.

Northern China's air quality is mainly the result of the region's "irrational industrial structure", He said, mainly excessive dependency on coal for heat, or its use in industries such as steelmaking.

Low-grade coal is cheaper, but poses pollution challenge

Other than the two municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin, coal generates 90 percent of the energy in Hebei.

In most small cities and their nearby rural areas, infrastructure development has been inadequate, experts said. In the worst cases, local governments at the county or township level still support some highly polluting industries as economic pillars.

Banning the use of inferior coal must be the next step toward improving the country's air quality, they said.

Along with the efforts to increase the supply in clean energy, there have been repeated government calls for the adoption of energy-saving equipment, such as more energy-efficient boilers and stoves.

"If the government can replace all old boilers with the more energy-efficient ones, and can forbid the use of inferior coal in rural areas, northern China can cut its carbon emissions by at least 30 percent," said He, the economist.

But that poses a dilemma, said Zhang Lin, a senior analyst of dz18.com, an energy information website. The government cannot force all rural households to use more expensive coal, even if it pollutes less, because "farmers care more about prices".

On average, inferior coal can be cheaper than the good quality variety by 220 yuan per metric ton, Zhang said.

Beijing's municipal government plans to take the lead in ironing out the difficulty. It began in November to allocate 360 million yuan ($56.3 million) to subsidize suburban households that acquire good-quality coal. The subsidy would amount to 800 yuan per ton, said Li Dongwei, a rural development official. The program is expected to run until March.

But it would take five years for Beijing to cut the use of low-quality coal in its suburban areas by 4.3 million tons.

For all provincial governments it is a difficult task to take care of the heating resources for a much larger rural population, He said.

Feng Yinchang, an environmental professor at Nankai University in Tianjin, said the soaring consumption of low-quality coal for heating in rural areas is the major contributor to air pollution in the winter.

It is a problem without an immediate solution. Connecting all villages to central heating would come at immense cost. It might be more realistic to hope that more rural people move to the cities as part of the country's urbanization process.

In some places, "governments can help villagers replace coal with other energy sources, such as electricity and gas", Feng said.

Highlights
Hot Topics
...
久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

    午夜精品久久久久久不卡8050| 日日夜夜免费精品| 在线视频国产一区| 亚洲一区二区视频在线观看| 欧美日韩国产成人在线免费| 久久99精品视频| 中文一区在线播放| 欧洲精品一区二区| 奇米色777欧美一区二区| 久久免费视频色| 91蜜桃婷婷狠狠久久综合9色| 亚洲精品久久久久久国产精华液| 欧美日韩精品免费| 国产激情视频一区二区三区欧美| 自拍偷拍亚洲综合| 7777精品久久久大香线蕉| 国产在线精品一区在线观看麻豆| 综合中文字幕亚洲| 4438x成人网最大色成网站| 国产一区久久久| 亚洲精品亚洲人成人网| 日韩精品一区在线观看| 成人av资源在线| 日韩精品电影在线| 国产精品久久久久aaaa樱花 | 成人app网站| 午夜久久久久久| 国产人妖乱国产精品人妖| 欧美调教femdomvk| 国产精品69毛片高清亚洲| 亚洲精品国产精品乱码不99 | 亚洲精品免费在线播放| 日韩一级二级三级| 91在线精品一区二区三区| 免费人成黄页网站在线一区二区| 一区二区中文字幕在线| 欧美一区二区久久| 一本大道综合伊人精品热热| 精品午夜久久福利影院| 亚洲精品国产无套在线观| 久久久久久综合| 欧美视频在线不卡| 成人精品国产福利| 久久国产精品免费| 亚洲免费观看高清完整| 精品日韩一区二区三区| 色老综合老女人久久久| 国产一本一道久久香蕉| 亚洲高清视频的网址| 国产精品色噜噜| 日韩欧美国产不卡| 精品视频在线免费| av一二三不卡影片| 激情久久久久久久久久久久久久久久| 一区二区三区在线观看动漫| 日本一区免费视频| 日韩一区二区精品葵司在线| 91传媒视频在线播放| 成人涩涩免费视频| 国产一区二区三区香蕉| 日韩国产欧美视频| 亚洲乱码一区二区三区在线观看| 国产午夜精品一区二区三区四区| 欧美一区二区在线免费播放| 欧美午夜影院一区| 97超碰欧美中文字幕| 丁香婷婷综合网| 久久99精品视频| 日本视频一区二区| 亚洲一区二区三区自拍| 亚洲欧美国产高清| 国产精品美女久久久久久久| 久久久久一区二区三区四区| 日韩专区中文字幕一区二区| 亚洲欧洲在线观看av| 欧美国产精品一区二区三区| 久久综合色一综合色88| 日韩精品一区二区三区在线观看| 欧美日本不卡视频| 欧美日韩国产成人在线免费| 欧美影院一区二区三区| 色婷婷综合中文久久一本| 99精品视频一区二区三区| 成人高清av在线| 成人毛片老司机大片| 国产大陆亚洲精品国产| 国产剧情av麻豆香蕉精品| 国产在线播放一区三区四| 久久99精品久久久久久动态图 | 亚洲精品免费在线观看| 亚洲日本电影在线| 亚洲特级片在线| 成人欧美一区二区三区| ㊣最新国产の精品bt伙计久久| 日本一区二区久久| 国产精品视频观看| 国产精品色婷婷| 国产精品成人一区二区艾草| 自拍偷拍欧美精品| 亚洲视频一区二区在线| 伊人开心综合网| 亚洲影视在线观看| 视频一区二区不卡| 日本不卡一区二区三区| 美女mm1313爽爽久久久蜜臀| 麻豆精品久久精品色综合| 精品午夜一区二区三区在线观看| 国产麻豆成人传媒免费观看| 国产精品99久久久久久似苏梦涵| 国产成人免费xxxxxxxx| 成人av在线播放网址| 9i在线看片成人免费| 色偷偷久久一区二区三区| 欧美日韩亚洲综合在线 欧美亚洲特黄一级| 欧美三级中文字幕在线观看| 91精品国产手机| 久久久久久日产精品| 国产精品久久免费看| 亚洲色图制服诱惑 | 欧美三级电影一区| 欧美一区日本一区韩国一区| 欧美精品一区二区三区在线| 国产女同性恋一区二区| 亚洲美女在线国产| 五月婷婷久久综合| 激情综合网av| 国产98色在线|日韩| 91网上在线视频| 欧美日韩高清在线播放| 精品成人免费观看| 综合久久综合久久| 婷婷综合在线观看| 国产精品一区二区三区乱码| 91在线观看免费视频| 69av一区二区三区| 久久久99精品免费观看| 亚洲码国产岛国毛片在线| 天堂成人免费av电影一区| 韩国女主播成人在线观看| 99久久久免费精品国产一区二区| 欧美日韩一本到| 久久精品视频免费观看| 一区二区免费在线播放| 激情偷乱视频一区二区三区| caoporn国产一区二区| 欧美人妇做爰xxxⅹ性高电影| xfplay精品久久| 亚洲黄色小说网站| 狠狠v欧美v日韩v亚洲ⅴ| 色呦呦国产精品| 欧美不卡一区二区三区四区| 亚洲色图清纯唯美| 麻豆极品一区二区三区| 99精品欧美一区二区三区小说| 91精品国产色综合久久不卡电影 | 国产乱子伦视频一区二区三区| 色综合天天性综合| 欧美va亚洲va国产综合| 亚洲精选视频在线| 国产综合久久久久影院| 91老司机福利 在线| 欧美成人猛片aaaaaaa| 亚洲人成小说网站色在线| 毛片基地黄久久久久久天堂| 91一区二区在线观看| 精品福利在线导航| 亚洲午夜一区二区三区| 欧美不卡在线视频| 亚洲在线视频网站| 丁香六月综合激情| 欧美一区二区三区人| 亚洲视频在线一区| 国产精品主播直播| 欧美肥妇free| 亚洲女同一区二区| 国产一区二区三区观看| 欧美美女一区二区在线观看| 国产精品色一区二区三区| 黄色日韩网站视频| 欧美高清视频不卡网| 亚洲色大成网站www久久九九| 国产乱码精品一区二区三| 91精品国产综合久久小美女| 亚洲色图在线播放| 大美女一区二区三区| 欧美tk丨vk视频| 日韩精品久久理论片| 在线看国产一区二区| 国产精品久久久久久亚洲毛片 | 99riav一区二区三区| 久久久www免费人成精品| 免费人成在线不卡| 欧美日韩午夜影院| 悠悠色在线精品| 97精品视频在线观看自产线路二| 国产日韩欧美高清| 国产美女av一区二区三区| 欧美一级搡bbbb搡bbbb| 亚洲成a人片综合在线| 色婷婷av一区二区三区gif |