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| Is marriage an inter-planetary
merger? | |
Men and women may be from the same planet after
all. A US psychologist says there are not that many differences between
the genders.
Janet Shibley-Hyde, women's studies specialist from the University of
Wisconsin, says men and women are more similar than the popular
perception.
She highlights studies showing similarities in personality,
communication, and leadership.
But a UK psychologist said there were differences which should be
recognized.
There is a popular perception that the psychological difference between
men and women is substantial - as seen in books such as Men Are From Mars,
Women Are From Venus by John Gray.
And there are stereotypes , such as women being more emotional than men,
or men having better spatial awareness.
But Dr Hyde, writing in American Psychologist, says her review of 46
meta-analyses conducted over the last 20 years, shows men and women are
alike in the majority of areas.
The studies looked at cognitive abilities, verbal and nonverbal
communication, social or psychological traits like aggression or
leadership, psychological well-being like self-esteem.
Dr Hyde said gender differences accounted for either no or a very small
effect for most of the psychological variables examined.
She said only throwing distance and physical aggression showed marked
gender differences.
But Dr Nick Neave, a spokesman for the British Psychological Society
and an expert in sex differences at the University of Northumbria, said
men and women did differ.
"Scientists have been guilty of over-emphasising sex differences. There
are differences. Ignoring them is foolish, and exaggerating them is dangerous. But that
doesn't mean that society shouldn't treat the genders
equally."
(Agencies) |
男人和女人可能終究來(lái)自同一個(gè)星球。美國(guó)一位心理學(xué)家說(shuō)兩性之間并沒(méi)有那么多差異。
威斯康新州立大學(xué)的女性研究專(zhuān)家珍妮特·謝博利·海德說(shuō)男性和女性并不像大家所認(rèn)為的差距那么大，其實(shí)他們很相近。
她強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)研究表明男人和女人在個(gè)性、交流和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力等方面非常接近。
但是，英國(guó)的一位心理學(xué)家說(shuō)兩性之間確實(shí)有很多差異，我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。
有一種流行的觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為男人和女人心理上的差異很大，我們經(jīng)常可以在一些書(shū)中看到這樣的觀點(diǎn)，其中比較有影響的是約翰·格雷創(chuàng)作的《男人來(lái)自火星，女人來(lái)自金星》。
還有一些傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為女人比男人更感性，而男人的空間感更強(qiáng)。
但是，海德博士在《美國(guó)心理學(xué)家》雜志上發(fā)表文章說(shuō)，她研究了過(guò)去20年中進(jìn)行的46次綜合分析，結(jié)果表明男人和女人在大多數(shù)方面都非常相似。
這些分析研究分別針對(duì)人們的認(rèn)知能力、語(yǔ)言和非語(yǔ)言交流、社會(huì)或心理特征（例如進(jìn)攻性和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力）以及心理幸福感（例如自尊）。
海德博士認(rèn)為，性別差異對(duì)研究中所觀察的大多數(shù)心理變量沒(méi)什么影響，或者影響非常小。
她說(shuō)只有在投擲的距離和身體的攻擊性方面能夠體現(xiàn)出男女的不同。
但是英國(guó)心理學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)言人、諾桑比亞大學(xué)性別差異研究專(zhuān)家尼克·尼維博士卻說(shuō)男女確實(shí)有所不同。
“科學(xué)家們應(yīng)該為過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)性別差異負(fù)責(zé)任。差異確實(shí)存在，忽略差異是愚蠢的，夸大差異是危險(xiǎn)的。但是，這并不意味著整個(gè)社會(huì)不應(yīng)該平等的對(duì)待男人和女人。”
（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)站 薛曉文譯） |
Updated: 2005-09-20 09:12
