（四）堅定不移深化改革開放，增強經濟社會發展內在活力。
財政轉移支付制度逐步完善，縣級基本財力保障機制初步建立。增值稅轉型全面實施，成品油價格和稅費改革順利推進，資源稅改革啟動試點，內外資企業稅制全面統一。國有大型商業銀行股份制改革順利完成，政策性金融機構改革、農村信用社改革積極推進；平穩解決上市公司股權分置問題，創業板、股指期貨和融資融券順利推出，債券市場穩步發展；深入推進保險業改革開放；人民幣匯率形成機制改革有序推進，跨境貿易人民幣結算試點不斷擴大。國有企業公司制股份制改革、國有資產監管體制改革取得積極進展。郵政體制改革加快推進。制定實施促進中小企業發展和民間投資的一系列政策，非公有制經濟發展環境不斷改善，多種所有制經濟共同發展。
4. Determinedly working to deepen reform and opening up, and strengthening the internal vitality of economic and social development
We gradually improved the system of transfer payments and set up a rudimentary mechanism for ensuring basic funding for county-level governments. We comprehensively carried out VAT reform. The reform of prices of refined oil products and related taxes and fees was implemented smoothly. Trials were launched for the reform of resource taxes, and the corporate tax systems for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises were unified.
The reform to convert large state-owned commercial banks to stockholding companies was smoothly completed, and the reform of policy-based financial institutions and rural credit cooperatives is well underway. We steadily resolved the issue of floating non-tradable shares of listed companies; successfully launched the ChiNext stock market; and introduced stock index futures and securities margin trading. The market for government bonds developed steadily. We deepened the reform and opening up of the insurance industry. Orderly progress was made in reforming the mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate, and the trials of settling cross-border trade accounts in RMB were constantly expanded.
Positive progress was made in the reform to turn state-owned enterprises (SOEs) into stockholding corporations and the reform of the system for managing and overseeing state assets. We accelerated reform of the postal system. A series of policies were formulated and implemented to promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and encourage nongovernmental investment, the environment for the development of the non-public sector of the economy constantly improved, and economic entities under diverse forms of ownership developed side by side.
不斷拓展對外開放的廣度和深度。進出口總額年均增長15.9%，結構不斷優化。貿易順差連續兩年下降，2010年比上年減少6.4%。利用外資水平進一步提高。企業“走出去”步伐明顯加快，累計對外直接投資2200億美元，對外工程承包和勞務合作營業額3352億美元。積極參與全球經濟治理機制改革和區域合作機制建設，多邊、雙邊經貿合作繼續深化。對外援助規模持續擴大。對外開放有力促進了經濟發展和結構調整，增加了就業，吸收了先進技術和管理經驗，大大提高了我國的國際地位。
The breadth and depth of our openness to the outside world constantly increased. Total import and export volume grew by an average annual rate of 15.9%, and the structure of imports and exports constantly improved. Our trade surplus decreased for two consecutive years, and the year-on-year decrease was 6.4% in 2010. The utilization of foreign capital further improved. The pace of enterprises "going global" increased noticeably: outward foreign direct investment reached $220 billion and the total volume of contracts to build foreign projects and provide overseas labor services reached $335.2 billion.
We energetically participated in the reform of global economic governance and the development of mechanisms for regional cooperation, and our multilateral and bilateral economic and trade cooperation continued to deepen. The scale of our foreign aid continued to grow. Opening to the outside world strongly stimulated economic development and restructuring, increased employment, attracted advanced technology and managerial expertise, and greatly improved China's international standing.
（五）加快發展社會事業，切實保障和改善民生。
始終堅持經濟發展與社會發展相協調，圍繞改善民生謀發展。把就業放在經濟社會發展的優先位置。加強職業培訓和就業服務，促進高校畢業生、農村轉移勞動力、城鎮就業困難人員就業，做好退役軍人就業安置工作。實施勞動合同法和就業促進法，普遍提高最低工資標準，推動建立和諧勞動關系。覆蓋城鄉的社會保障體系建設取得突破性進展，城鎮職工基本養老保險實現省級統籌，實施養老保險關系跨省轉移接續辦法，連續7年提高企業退休人員基本養老金水平，年均增長10%，新型農村社會養老保險試點覆蓋24%的縣。積極穩妥推進醫藥衛生體制改革，全面建立城鎮居民基本醫療保險制度、新型農村合作醫療制度，惠及12.67億城鄉居民。最低生活保障制度實現全覆蓋，城鄉社會救助體系基本建立，社會福利、優撫安置、慈善和殘疾人事業取得新進展。全國社會保障基金積累7810億元，比五年前增加5800多億元。大力實施保障性住房建設和棚戶區改造，使1100萬戶困難家庭住上了新房。我們要持之以恒，努力讓全體人民老有所養、病有所醫、住有所居。
5. Accelerating the development of social undertakings and genuinely ensuring and improving the people's wellbeing
We constantly worked to keep economic development in line with social development, and plan development with a view to improving the wellbeing of the people. We gave high priority to employment in economic and social development. We improved vocational training and employment services; helped college graduates, rural migrant workers and urban residents who have difficulty finding jobs to find employment; and helped ex-soldiers find jobs and settle down. We implemented the Labor Contract Law and the Law on Promoting Employment, raised minimum wages, and promoted harmonious labor relations.
We achieved breakthroughs in the development of the social security system for both urban and rural residents; basic pension insurance for urban workers was put under unified planning at the provincial level; a method was devised to transfer pension insurance coverage for workers moving to other provinces; and there was an average 10% increase per year over the last seven years in the basic pension for enterprise retirees. In addition, the trial of a new type of pension insurance for rural residents has been extended to 24% of all counties. We actively yet prudently carried out the reform of the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems, and completed a basic medical insurance system for non-working urban residents and a new rural cooperative medical care system, which benefit 1.267 billion urban and rural residents.
We achieved complete coverage of the subsistence allowance system; basically put in place an urban-rural government assistance program; and made continued progress in programs related to social welfare, preferential treatment and arrangements for entitled groups, charities, and people who are physically or mentally handicapped. Moreover, the national social security fund now stands at 781 billion yuan, over 580 billion yuan more than five years ago. We devoted great efforts to constructing low-income housing and redeveloping run-down areas, and as a result, 11 million poor households were able to move into new homes. We worked tirelessly to ensure everyone has access to old-age care, medical treatment, and housing.
制定和實施國家中長期教育改革和發展規劃綱要。五年全國財政教育支出累計4.45萬億元，年均增長22.4%。全面實現城鄉免費義務教育，所有適齡兒童都能“不花錢、有學上”。義務教育階段教師績效工資制度全面實施。中等職業教育對農村經濟困難家庭、城市低收入家庭和涉農專業的學生實行免費。加快實施國家助學制度，財政投入從2006年的18億元增加到2010年的306億元，覆蓋面從高等學校擴大到中等職業學校和普通高中，共資助學生2130萬名，還為1200多萬名義務教育寄宿生提供生活補助。加快農村中小學危房改造和職業教育基礎設施建設。全面提高高等教育質量和水平，增強高校創新能力。制定并實施國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃綱要，中央財政科技投入6197億元，年均增長22.7%，取得了一系列重大成果。大力加強基層醫療衛生服務能力建設。國家財政安排專項資金，改造和新建2.3萬所鄉鎮衛生院、1500所縣醫院、500所縣中醫院和1000所縣婦幼保健院，建立了2400所社區衛生服務中心。制定并實施國家中長期人才發展規劃綱要。人口規劃目標順利實現。文化體制改革取得重要進展。公共文化服務體系建設明顯加快，文化產業蓬勃發展。哲學社會科學和新聞出版、廣播影視、文學藝術繁榮進步。城鄉公共體育設施建設加快，全民健身活動蔚然成風。法制建設全面推進，“五五”普法順利完成。創新和加強社會管理，社會保持和諧穩定。
We formulated and implemented the National Medium- and Long-Term Plan for Education Reform and Development. Government spending on education nationwide totaled 4.45 trillion yuan, and grew at an average annual rate of 22.4%. We made urban and rural compulsory education free so that all children of school age can receive an education at no cost. We fully implemented the system that links the salaries of teachers in compulsory education to their performance. Secondary vocational education was made free for students from poverty-stricken rural households and low-income urban households and students whose majors are related to agriculture.
We accelerated the implementation of the government financial aid system for students, and government investment increased from 1.8 billion yuan in 2006 to 30.6 billion yuan in 2010. The system was expanded from institutions of higher learning to secondary vocational schools and regular senior secondary schools, and has helped fund the education of 21.3 million students and provided living expenses for over 12 million students living on campus while receiving compulsory education. We accelerated the renovation of dilapidated primary and secondary school buildings in rural areas and the development of vocational education infrastructure. We improved the overall quality of higher education, and enhanced the innovation capacity of colleges and universities.
We formulated and implemented the National Medium- and Long-Term Plan for Scientific and Technological Development. The central government allocated 619.7 billion yuan for science and technology, an average annual increase of 22.7%, which resulted in a series of major achievements. Great efforts were made to improve the services provided by community-based medical and health care facilities. A special fund was included in the state budget to renovate or build 23,000 town and township hospitals, 1,500 county hospitals, 500 county traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, and 1,000 county maternity and childcare hospitals, as well as to build 2,400 community health service centers. We formulated and implemented the National Medium- and Long-Term Plan for Human Resource Development. We smoothly attained population planning objectives. Important progress was made in the reform of the cultural management system.
Development of the system of public cultural services noticeably accelerated, and the culture industry developed vigorously. Philosophy and the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, film and television, and literature and art all flourished and advanced. The construction of urban and rural public sports and exercise facilities was accelerated, and the national fitness program has taken root. We comprehensively improved the legal system and smoothly implemented the fifth five-year plan to educate the public about the law. We made innovations in and strengthened the administration of society and maintained social harmony and stability.
（來源：新華網 編輯：崔旭燕）
