科學(xué)家破譯大熊貓13種語(yǔ)言密碼

Can you imagine giant pandas baa like sheep to say "I love you" and warble a cheerful "I do" when wooed by a suitor, and bark like a dog when they are furious?
你能想象熊貓說(shuō)“我愛(ài)你”時(shí)是“咩咩咩”，說(shuō)“我愿意”時(shí)像鳥(niǎo)叫，而說(shuō)“我很生氣”時(shí)又像狗叫嗎？

Researchers there have decoded 13 different kinds of giant panda vocalizations in a surprising new insight into the private life of the reclusive creatures.
長(zhǎng)期從事大熊貓人工繁育的中國(guó)保護(hù)大熊貓中心的專(zhuān)家們研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大熊貓至少會(huì)用13種不同的聲音來(lái)表達(dá)不同的意思，而“破譯”了這些“貓言貓語(yǔ)”無(wú)疑將幫助專(zhuān)家們進(jìn)一步了解大熊貓生活習(xí)性和心理，走進(jìn)他們的世界。

The China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda has been working on a panda linguistics project since 2010. Scientists first made recordings of pandas at the center, vocalizations between cubs and adults in various situations, such as when they were eating, mating, nursing, fighting and so on, said Zhang Hemin, head of the center. Then they collected a large amount of data on pandas' voices and activities, and analyzed the voiceprints. "We managed to decode some panda language and the results are quite interesting," Zhang said.
中國(guó)保護(hù)大熊貓研究中心主任、臥龍自然保護(hù)區(qū)管理局局長(zhǎng)張和民介紹，在2010年，來(lái)自音樂(lè)之鄉(xiāng)奧地利維也納的專(zhuān)家和中心合作，已經(jīng)通過(guò)錄音和頻譜分析，破譯了部分大熊貓的語(yǔ)言密碼，聽(tīng)懂了它們?cè)诓墒场⑶笈肌⒄疹檶殞毜炔煌榫跋碌摹跋才?lè)”。近年來(lái)，中心繼續(xù)與其他國(guó)內(nèi)外的學(xué)術(shù)研究機(jī)構(gòu)合作繼續(xù)“破譯”工程，到目前已初見(jiàn)成效。

Panda cubs can barely vocalize at all except to say things like "Gee-Gee" (I'm hungry), "Wow-Wow" (Not happy!) or "Coo-Coo" (Nice!).
專(zhuān)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，剛出生的熊貓寶寶和人類(lèi)寶寶一樣，基本只能發(fā)出“吱吱”、“哇哇”和“咕咕”這三種簡(jiǎn)單的叫聲。一般情況下“吱吱”表示“我餓了”，“哇哇”表示“我不爽了”，而“咕咕”則是表示愉悅和舒適感受時(shí)發(fā)出的滿意叫聲。

"Adult giant pandas usually are solitary, so the only language teacher they have is their own mother," the researcher said. When they grow a little, cubs learn how to express themselves by roaring, barking, shouting, squeaking, bleating and chirping.
而熊貓?jiān)诔砷L(zhǎng)過(guò)程中也和人類(lèi)一樣要跟著母親“學(xué)說(shuō)話”，耳濡目染，它們慢慢地就會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)吼叫、吠叫、嗷叫、嘶叫、咩叫等叫聲。

"If a panda mother keeps tweeting like a bird, she may be anxious about her babies. She barks loudly when a stranger comes near," Zhang said. The barking can be interpreted as "getting out of my place", according to the researcher. Pandas can be as gentle as a lamb when they are "in love". Male pandas baa all the time when they are wooing their lovers. The females respond with constant tweeting if they feel the same.
比如，熊貓媽媽如果發(fā)出“咩咩”聲，那可能是在尋找她的寶寶，飼養(yǎng)員需要適時(shí)提供幫助；而當(dāng)大熊貓們發(fā)出“汪汪”的吠叫聲時(shí)，則千萬(wàn)不要靠近他們，因?yàn)槟潜硎舅麄兒軕嵟胍蚣芑蚴峭{對(duì)方不要進(jìn)入自己的領(lǐng)地。而在春季發(fā)情季節(jié)，熊貓還會(huì)使用自己獨(dú)特的“戀愛(ài)語(yǔ)言”。雄性熊貓會(huì)發(fā)出咩叫聲，那可是在用“甜言蜜語(yǔ)”向自己心上人求愛(ài)。被俘獲芳心，墜入愛(ài)河的雌性熊貓就會(huì)發(fā)出“唧唧”“喳喳”的類(lèi)似鳥(niǎo)鳴聲，害羞回應(yīng)。

"Trust me. Our researchers were so confused when we began the project that they wondered if they were studying a panda, a bird, a dog, or a sheep," Zhang said.
“我們的工作人員也會(huì)開(kāi)玩笑問(wèn)大熊貓到底是羊、是狗還是鳥(niǎo)啊？”張和民說(shuō)。

The center plans to continue the study and is looking forward to the creation of a panda translator that could use high-tech voice recognition technology. "If we can understand their language, it will help us protect the animal, especially in the wild," he said.
他表示，熊貓語(yǔ)言學(xué)的研究還將繼續(xù)，如能夠破譯更多熊貓語(yǔ)言，甚至發(fā)明“翻譯器”，那將有助于飼養(yǎng)員更好地理解熊貓各種聲音的準(zhǔn)確含義，也將有利于更科學(xué)地飼養(yǎng)、保護(hù)大熊貓，甚至能幫助大熊貓?zhí)岣咦匀唤慌涑晒β省?/p>

（注：本文部分內(nèi)容為編譯）

Vocabulary

baa: 咩咩叫
warble: 以顫音說(shuō)；鳥(niǎo)囀似地講
vocalization: 發(fā)聲，發(fā)音；發(fā)聲法
voiceprint: 聲紋；語(yǔ)音特征波紋；語(yǔ)音聲譜
bleat: 咩咩叫

（來(lái)源：新華網(wǎng) 編輯：丹妮）