男女通用避孕藥即將問世

A contraceptive pill that could be taken by men as well as women could be on the horizon.
一種男女通用的避孕藥即將問世。

A breakthrough in the understanding of the biology of sperm could lead to a unisex version of the Pill, US government-funded scientists said.
由政府資助的美國科學(xué)家團(tuán)隊(duì)近日宣布，他們?cè)诰由飳W(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究獲得重大突破。以此為基礎(chǔ)，他們可以開發(fā)出一種男女通用的避孕藥。

They have identified a protein in sperm that gives it the energy it needs to power towards the egg and break its way into it.
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，精子中有一種蛋白質(zhì)負(fù)責(zé)提供其游向卵子并與之結(jié)合所需的能量。

As the researchers put it, the ABHD2 protein allows the tail to ‘crack like a whip’ and ‘power kick’ its way into the egg.
這種名為“ABHD2”的蛋白質(zhì)能使精子“快馬加鞭”，沖向卵子。

Therefore, blocking this protein could prevent the sperm from fertilising the egg.
因此，阻止此蛋白質(zhì)的生成能夠避免卵子受精。

Dr Stuart Moss, of the National Institutes of Health, which funded the study, said: ‘Developing new compounds that block ABHD2 ultimately may yield new contraceptive methods that prevent sperm from research the egg.’
美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院為此項(xiàng)研究提供了資金。該研究院的斯圖爾特·莫斯博士表示：“發(fā)明一種能夠阻礙ABHD2蛋白質(zhì)生成的新化合物能夠阻止精子與卵子的結(jié)合，這為避孕提供了一種新方式。”

University of California, Berkeley researcher Melissa Miller added: ‘What is really cool is that we have an actual target for unisex contraceptive development.’
美國加州大學(xué)伯克利分校的研究者梅麗莎·米勒也指出：“對(duì)于研制男女通用避孕藥，我們終于有了一個(gè)明確的方向，這是非常棒的。”

Theoretically, such a pill could be taken by either sex, allowing men to take a greater share of the burden of contraception.
理論上看，這種避孕藥男女皆可服用。這意味著男性也可以承擔(dān)避孕義務(wù)。

Conversely, a drug that enhances the protein may help infertile couples have children of their own, the journal Science reports.
《科學(xué)》雜志稱，反過來看，如果有藥物能夠促進(jìn)ABHD2蛋白質(zhì)的生成，就能幫助難以生育的夫婦擁有屬于自己的孩子。

While women have had access to oral contraceptives for more than half a century, the quest for a male pill has been thwarted by biology.
雖然半個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來，女性一直可以通過口服避孕藥避孕，但人類對(duì)于男性避孕藥的探索卻始終毫無進(jìn)展。

Whereas a woman normally releases one egg per month, a healthy man makes 1,000 sperm with every heartbeat - and just one is needed for conception.
女性每月排出一枚卵子，而健康男性每秒會(huì)釋放1000個(gè)精子，這其中只有一個(gè)能與卵子結(jié)合。

There are also concerns over whether men would be willing to take a drug that could be perceived as affecting their masculinity - and whether women would trust them to take it.
不過，研究者還是有其他顧慮，比如男性是否愿意服用，因?yàn)檫@種藥物可能會(huì)被認(rèn)為影響男性特征；也會(huì)有女性懷疑該避孕藥是否真的管用。

Professor Mike Wyllie, an expert in drug development and male sexual health, said: ‘This study has allowed understanding of the control of male fertility to leapfrog, or at least equal, our knowledge of the female reproductive system.
藥物開發(fā)與男性性健康專家邁克·懷利教授說：“通過這項(xiàng)研究，我們?cè)诳刂颇行陨衬芰Ψ矫嬗辛司薮筮M(jìn)步；或者可以說，我們?cè)谶@方面的研究成果終于得以與女性生殖系統(tǒng)的研究比肩。

‘This can only be good in terms of developing drugs for both conception and contraception.
“不管是針對(duì)避孕還是受孕，這項(xiàng)研究都是有益無害的。”

‘A contraceptive pill that could be taken by either partner would have a major positive impact on the relationship, where more often than not the only choice of medication must be taken by the female.’
“這種男女通用的避孕藥對(duì)融洽配偶雙方關(guān)系有著十分積極的影響，因?yàn)槟壳暗谋茉蟹绞酵ǔＪ桥椒帽茉兴帯！?/p>

The news comes after US scientists announced they have made progress in developing a male contraceptive with no side effects.
在這一研究成果發(fā)布前，還有美國科學(xué)家宣布，他們?cè)跓o副作用的男性避孕藥開發(fā)中已取得進(jìn)展。

Professor Gunda Gerog, of the Minnesota University, has been making tiny adjustments to existing attempts at a male pill, and told the American Chemical Society's annual meeting she was very close.
美國明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)的剛達(dá)·格奧爾格教授一直在對(duì)男性避孕藥的現(xiàn)有成果進(jìn)行微調(diào)，并于近日在美國化學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)的年會(huì)上宣布她即將成功。

She said she was trying to make changes to the pill to make it more palatable for men.
她表示，她一直在嘗試改進(jìn)這種避孕藥，使之更適合男性服用。

She said: 'It would have to be soluble so it could be taken by mouth. It would start working fairly quickly and it wouldn't diminish libido. It would be safe even if taken for decades.
她說：“這種避孕藥必須可溶性強(qiáng)，才能口服使用；它需要很快發(fā)揮效用，而且對(duì)性欲不能有影響；同時(shí)它要有安全保證，適合數(shù)十年長期服用。”

'And because some users would eventually want to have children, its impact on fertility would be reversible, with no lingering ill effects on sperm or embryos.'
“因?yàn)橛行┓谜咦詈罂赡苓€是會(huì)想要孩子，所以該藥物的作用必須是可消除的，對(duì)精子或受精卵不能有任何遺留性的副作用。”

Her research was sparked by a study published last year, which identified an enzyme used by sperm to get inside the egg.
她的研究基于去年出版的另一項(xiàng)研究：精子中存在這樣一種酶，它能促進(jìn)精子與卵子的結(jié)合。

英文來源：每日郵報(bào)
譯者：Aprilcat
審校&編輯：杜娟