咀嚼之聲有奇效：聆聽(tīng)咀嚼聲有助于減肥

The sounds you make while chewing have a significant effect on the amount of food you eat, a new study has found. The results suggest that people are likely to consume less if they can hear themselves eating.
最新研究表明，人們?cè)诰捉罇|西時(shí)發(fā)出的聲音會(huì)顯著影響食物攝入量。研究顯示，如果人們能夠聽(tīng)到自己咀嚼時(shí)的聲音，其食量很可能會(huì)減少。

Researchers at Brigham Young University and Colorado State University have found that your TV, radio, and computer are making you fat. Not by bombarding you with food ads (though they totally are) but by blocking the sounds of your chewing. In a recent study, they found that the noise your food makes while you’re eating can have a significant effect on how much food you eat.
楊百翰大學(xué)和科羅拉多州立大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，電視、收音機(jī)和電腦會(huì)使人增胖。并不是因?yàn)檫@些設(shè)備會(huì)帶來(lái)鋪天蓋地的食品廣告（盡管確實(shí)如此），而是設(shè)備播放的聲音會(huì)掩蓋咀嚼聲。近日，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，吃東西時(shí)發(fā)出的咀嚼聲對(duì)進(jìn)食量有明顯影響。

“Sound is typically labeled as the forgotten food sense,” adds Ryan Elder, assistant professor of marketing at BYU’s Marriott School of Management. “But if people are more focused on the sound the food makes, it could reduce consumption.”
楊百翰大學(xué)麥里特商學(xué)院市場(chǎng)學(xué)助理教授瑞安·埃爾德補(bǔ)充說(shuō)道：“通常我們認(rèn)為，聲音是被遺忘的食感。但如果人們更注意聆聽(tīng)進(jìn)食的聲音，進(jìn)食量便會(huì)減少。”

“For the most part, consumers and researchers have overlooked food sound as an important sensory cue in the eating experience,” said study coauthor Gina Mohr, an assistant professor of marketing at CSU.
該研究的另一位作者、科羅拉多州立大學(xué)市場(chǎng)學(xué)助理教授吉娜·莫爾說(shuō)：“咀嚼的聲音是進(jìn)食過(guò)程中的重要感官暗示，但進(jìn)食者和研究者大多會(huì)忽略這一點(diǎn)。”

The team carried out three separate experiments to quantify the effects of “food sound salience” on quantity of food consumed during a meal. In one experiment, participants were given snacks to eat while they wore headphones playing either loud or quiet noises. The ones loud enough to mask the sound of chewing made subjects eat more — 4 pretzels compared to 2.75 pretzels for the “quiet” group.
研究團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行了三項(xiàng)獨(dú)立實(shí)驗(yàn)，以量化“進(jìn)食聲音特性”對(duì)于食物攝入量的影響。在一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，研究人員將實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象分為兩組，讓其在進(jìn)食時(shí)帶上耳機(jī)，耳機(jī)里分別播放著大小不同音量的聲音。耳機(jī)音量蓋過(guò)了咀嚼聲的實(shí)驗(yàn)組成員進(jìn)食更多——吃了4個(gè)椒鹽卷餅，而耳機(jī)音量小的受試者只吃了2.75個(gè)。

In another of their experiments they found that just having people hear chewing sounds through an advertisement can decrease the amount they eat.
在另一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，僅是聽(tīng)著廣告中播放的咀嚼聲，便能使人減少進(jìn)食。

Elder and Morh call this the “Crunch Effect.” The main takeaway of their work should be the idea of mindfulness, they said. Being more mindful of not just the taste and physical appearance of food, but also of the sound it makes can help consumers to eat less.
埃爾德和莫爾稱此現(xiàn)象為“咀嚼的聲音效應(yīng)”。他們表示，此項(xiàng)研究表明，進(jìn)食時(shí)應(yīng)更為專注。不僅要關(guān)注食物的味道和賣相，還要注重進(jìn)食時(shí)產(chǎn)生的咀嚼聲，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)聲音會(huì)讓人減少攝食量。

“When you mask the sound of consumption, like when you watch TV while eating, you take away one of those senses and it may cause you to eat more than you would normally,” Elder said.
“當(dāng)進(jìn)食的聲音被掩蓋時(shí)，比如邊看電視邊吃飯，人們失去了聲音這種感官刺激，因此攝食會(huì)超過(guò)其正常食量。”埃爾德說(shuō)道。

“The effects may not seem huge —one less pretzel— but over the course of a week, month, or year, it could really add up.”
“這種效應(yīng)的影響也許不明顯——只是少吃了一個(gè)椒鹽卷餅而已——但日積月累，將產(chǎn)生顯著的減肥效果。”

So the next time you sit down for a meal, take your headphones off and mute the TV. Or find a movie where there’s a lot of very audible chewing.
所以下次吃飯時(shí)，請(qǐng)摘掉耳機(jī)，讓電視靜音，或是找個(gè)有大量咀嚼聲音的電影看看。

Vocabulary

salience: 性質(zhì)，特征
pretzel: 椒鹽卷餅

英文來(lái)源：zmescience
譯者：南小八（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)愛(ài)新聞iNews譯者）
審校&編輯：丹妮