韋氏詞典新增250個(gè)詞匯 “韓式石鍋拌飯”、“物聯(lián)網(wǎng)”在列

美國(guó)韋氏出版公司在線詞典網(wǎng)站近日增補(bǔ)約250個(gè)新詞及其釋義，涉及政治、科技、飲食等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域。一些新詞反映出杰出的科技和社會(huì)變革。

最新增補(bǔ)的詞匯中有alt-right和troll兩個(gè)可以互補(bǔ)的詞匯，也是對(duì)邊緣運(yùn)動(dòng)走向主流的悲觀評(píng)論。

"Alt-right" is defined as "a right-wing, primarily online political movement or grouping based in the US whose members reject mainstream conservative politics and espouse extremist beliefs and policies typically centered on ideas of white nationalism."
Alt-right指“立足于美國(guó)的一個(gè)右翼、以在線聯(lián)絡(luò)為主的政治運(yùn)動(dòng)或集合體。其成員拒絕主流保守政治、贊成極端主義者信念和政策，通常這種信念和政策以白人民族主義理念為核心”，即“另類右翼”。

In this light, "troll" gets a new meaning: "to antagonize (others) online by deliberately posting inflammatory, irrelevant, or offensive comments or other disruptive content" and "to harass, criticize, or antagonize (someone) especially by provocatively disparaging or mocking public statements, postings, or acts."
就此而論，troll則有了新的含義：“蓄意在線發(fā)布有煽動(dòng)性，不相關(guān)或冒犯性評(píng)論，或其他破壞性內(nèi)容來(lái)引起（其他人）對(duì)抗”，以及“通過(guò)煽動(dòng)性誹謗或嘲笑公眾性言論、帖子或行為來(lái)妨礙、批評(píng)或引起（某些人）對(duì)抗”，即“網(wǎng)絡(luò)噴子”。

We also have "dog whistle" of canine origin, which, in a political context, gets the additional meaning: "an expression or statement that has a secondary meaning intended to be understood only by a particular group of people."
新增詞匯中還有與狗狗“同源”的“狗哨”一詞，“狗哨”在政治語(yǔ)境中有另一層含義：“一種表達(dá)或陳述，其言下之意只求某一特定人群理解。”

Moving on to technology, Merriam-Webster finally takes on board two terms that have dominated headlines in the past few years.
再看看科技類新詞。韋氏詞典終于收錄了在過(guò)去幾年屢次霸占頭條的兩個(gè)新詞。

First, the "Internet of Things" or "IoT", defined as "the networking capability that allows information to be sent to and received from objects and devices (such as fixtures and kitchen appliances) using the Internet."
首先是“物聯(lián)網(wǎng)”，縮寫(xiě)為IoT，意思是允許信息通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)在物體和設(shè)備間（比如通過(guò)固定裝置和廚房電器）發(fā)送和接收的網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能。

Then, the dictionary offers a definition of "ransomware" as "malware that requires the victim to pay a ransom to access encrypted file."
韋氏詞典給“勒索軟件”的定義是：“要求受害者交付贖金以訪問(wèn)加密文件的惡意軟件。”

There are also new business and sport terms that have been in use for a while, such as "onboarding" and "bunny." Now "Hive Mind," which started as a biological term to describe colonies of bees and ants, has evolved to define "the collective thoughts, ideas, and opinions of a group of people (such as Internet users) regarded as functioning together as a single mind."
新增詞匯中也有一些已經(jīng)使用一段時(shí)間的商業(yè)和體育詞匯，比如“onboarding”（指新人入職后經(jīng)歷的適應(yīng)新環(huán)境的過(guò)程）和“bunny”（某項(xiàng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的愛(ài)好者）。現(xiàn)在又有了“蜂巢思維（Hive Mind）”，原本用于生物界，用來(lái)形容蜜蜂和螞蟻的聚居地，如今再添新意：指網(wǎng)民等人群的集體思想、觀念和意見(jiàn)被視為一個(gè)單一思想共同發(fā)揮作用。

Let's get to a spicy conclusion with "sriracha," which is defined as "a pungent sauce that is made from hot peppers pureed with usually garlic, sugar, salt, and vinegar and that is typically used as a condiment."
讓我們以“是拉差辣椒醬”來(lái)做個(gè)麻辣小結(jié)。“是拉差辣椒醬”指的是“一種用辣椒制成的辣醬，通常會(huì)拌上蒜末、糖、鹽和醋，用來(lái)調(diào)味。”

此次韋氏詞典還新增了“韓式石鍋拌飯”（bibimbap）、“凍酸奶”（froyo）等在美國(guó)流行的飲食詞匯。

韋氏詞典副主編艾米麗-布魯斯特說(shuō)：

“Our job as lexicographers is to follow the development of language, defining the words people are likely to encounter. These new words have been added to the dictionary because they have established themselves in the English language, and are part of the current, active vocabulary of America.”
“作為詞典編纂者，我們的任務(wù)是緊跟語(yǔ)言發(fā)展，定義人們很可能遇到的詞匯。”這些新詞已經(jīng)確定了自己在英語(yǔ)中的地位，成為美國(guó)當(dāng)下活躍詞匯的一部分，因此被添加進(jìn)來(lái)。”

英文來(lái)源：mashable.com
翻譯&編審：yaning