兵馬俑美國展出被盜走拇指！博物館里辦派對安保漏洞引爭議

這幾天，一則中國兵馬俑在美國展出時拇指被盜的新聞引發中外媒體關注。

據《今日美國》當地時間2月15日報道，美國聯邦調查局宣稱，去年12月21日，來自美國特拉華州的24歲青年邁克·羅哈納從該國一博物館展出的兵馬俑上折斷并盜走一根拇指。

The statue of a cavalryman, which dates back to at least 209 BC, is one of 10 Chinese Terracotta Warrior statues now on display at the Franklin Institute in Pennsylvania. The exhibit will run through March 4.
兵馬俑的歷史至少可以追溯到公元前209年，這尊兵馬俑是目前在賓夕法尼亞州富蘭克林科學博物館展出的10尊中國兵馬俑之一。該展覽將持續到3月4日。

文物出國展覽是國際文化交流的重要形式之一。近年來，文博機構文物出國展覽的數量不斷增多。通過舉辦這樣的展覽，實際上是為宣傳自己、了解別人打開了一扇窗戶。

The Shaanxi Cultural Heritage Promotion Center said it has organized more than 260 overseas exhibitions in the past 40 years and has never before come across such a situation.
陜西省文物交流中心表示，過去40年內，他們共舉辦了260多場海外展覽，此前從未遇到過這種情況。

兵馬俑這樣的世界級文物在海外展出時，安保為何如此脆弱？羅哈納又是如何潛入展區，實施盜竊的呢？

博物館里辦派對 安保漏洞引爭議

According to court documents, Rohana was attending an Ugly Sweater Party at the Franklin Institute on December 21 when he made his way into the Terracotta Warriors exhibit, which was then closed.
據法庭文件陳述，羅哈納12月21日參加了富蘭克林科學博物館的“丑毛衣派對”，他就是在派對期間進入當時已經關閉的兵馬俑展廳。

事實上，在美國，由于面臨營收壓力，博物館常常對外出租展廳以獲得收入，展廳便經常成為派對、聚會的場所。由于在參與派對的同時，人們還能欣賞展出的文物，博物館的娛樂活動受到了一些人的歡迎。

Rohana allegedly used a mobile phone as a torch and took a selfie with one of the warriors, according to Chinese state media Xinhua, quoting the FBI.
據新華社報道，美國聯邦調查局稱，羅哈納把手機當手電筒照明，和其中一尊兵馬俑自拍。

He then allegedly put his hand on the left hand of the statue and appeared to break something off from it. He pocketed the item and left.
隨后，他將手放在這尊雕塑的左手上，似乎從上面弄掉了什么東西。他將其裝在衣兜里帶走了。

Museum staff noticed the missing thumb on January 8 and the FBI later traced it to Rohana. He later admitted that he had kept the thumb in a desk drawer.
1月8日，博物館工作人員發現兵馬俑的拇指被盜，美國聯邦調查局隨后追查到羅哈納。他之后承認自己將拇指放在書桌抽屜中。

Rohana was charged last week with theft and concealment of an artwork, and interstate transportation of stolen property, according to the New York Times. He was released on $15,000 bail.
據《紐約時報》報道，羅哈納上周因盜竊、隱藏文物以及跨州運送竊取所得財物的罪名被起訴。他以15000美元（約合人民幣95000元）保釋金獲釋。

雖然被盜兵馬俑拇指已經找回，涉事男子邁克?羅哈納也面臨審判。但其間暴露出的博物館安保漏洞令人震驚。特殊展品缺乏相應的保護措施。而博物館工作人員在兵馬俑拇指被盜18天之后方才察覺。

富蘭克林科學博物館承認在安保上出現嚴重漏洞，并為此表示歉意。

中方要求依法嚴懲肇事者

On Monday, the director of the Shaanxi Cultural Heritage Promotion Centre, the government-run organization which loaned the statues out, "strongly condemned" the Franklin Institute for being "careless" with the statues, CCTV reported.
據中央電視臺報道，負責兵馬俑借展的官辦組織陜西省文物交流中心負責人吳海云2月19日對富蘭克林科學博物館的“粗心大意”表示強烈譴責。

"We ask that the US severely punish the perpetrator. We have lodged a serious protest with them," said Wu Haiyun.
吳海云稱：“我們已經向美方提出強烈抗議，要求美國嚴懲肇事者?！?/p>

Wu said the centre would be sending two experts to the US to assess the damage and repair the statue with the recovered thumb. There would be a claim for compensation, he added.
吳海云表示，陜西省文物交流中心將派兩名專家前往美國評估受損情況，并修復受損兵馬俑的拇指。他還稱，將提出索賠要求。

Wang Dongfeng, a cultural relics repair expert at the Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum Site Museum in Shaanxi, said it takes at least three to five months to restore a Terracotta Warrior because the process is complicated.
陜西秦始皇兵馬俑博物館文物修復專家王東峰表示，由于工藝復雜，要想修復一尊兵馬俑至少需要3至5個月的時間。

英文來源：BBC China Daily
編譯：董靜
審校：yaning