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    US government takes over two major financial firms
    [ 2008-09-08 10:07 ]


    新聞背景:美國政府7日宣布接管陷入困境的美國兩大住房抵押貸款融資機(jī)構(gòu)房利美和房地美。根據(jù)接管方案,美國財政部將向房利美和房地美注資,并收購相關(guān)優(yōu)先股;兩大機(jī)構(gòu)的首席執(zhí)行官被限令離職,政府相關(guān)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)接管兩大機(jī)構(gòu)的日常業(yè)務(wù),同時任命新領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。受美國房地產(chǎn)市場泡沫破裂沖擊,房利美和房地美目前陷入全面危機(jī)。在過去一年,兩大機(jī)構(gòu)的損失已超過140億美元。美國財政部長保爾森表示,房利美和房地美的問題使金融市場面臨系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險,接管這兩大機(jī)構(gòu)是當(dāng)前保護(hù)市場和納稅人的“最佳手段”。

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    Amid a continuing housing crisis in the United States, the Bush administration is taking over two failing mortgage firms in an effort to limit further turmoil in the sector. From Washington, VOA's Michael Bowman reports.

    The last year has seen a spike in foreclosures among U.S. homeowners, falling housing values in most parts of the country, and tighter credit that has made it more difficult for Americans to acquire loans.

    In recent months, the picture has grown worse with news that two mortgage giants, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, were on the verge ofinsolvency. Combined, the two firms own or guarantee close to half of all home loans in the United States.

    In a news conference Sunday, Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson announced that the federal government is taking control of the firms - a move he described as necessary to avoid further financial upheaval.

    "Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are so large and so interwoven in our financial system, that a failure of either of them would cause great turmoil in the financial markets here at home and around the globe. This turmoil would directly and negatively impact household wealth, from family budgets to home values, to savings for college and retirement," he said. "And a failure would be harmful to economic growth and job creation."

    The Bush administration says Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are being placed in a government conservatorship with new executive leadership. They will be operated by a government agency until their financial pictures improve and they are no longer at risk of failing.

    Paulson says every effort will be made to spare taxpayers from having to assume massive financial burdens stemming from the takeover.

    Most Americans secure home mortgages through private banks. For decades, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have made it more attractive to banks to make mortgage loans by purchasing the loans from the banks, and then selling them to private investors.

    But recent years have seen mortgage loans made to millions of individuals with poor, risky, or insufficient credit - many of whom have either defaulted on the loans or are at risk of doing so. Fannie Mae's and Freddie Mac's exposure to massive financial losses stemming from the housing crisis has put them on the verge of insolvency.

    News of the government takeover prompted swift reaction from both presidential candidates. Speaking on CBS' Face the Nation program, Republican presidential nominee John McCain said the move "has to be done."

    "I think that we have got to keep people in their homes. There has got to be restructuring, there has got to be reorganization, and there has got to be some confidence that we have stopped this downward spiral. It is hard, it is tough," said McCain.

    McCain added that the woes of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are symptomatic of an overall failure of Washington to tackle important issues. He said the federal government has become less effective due to what he termed cronyism and the influence of special interests and lobbyists.

    His Democratic challenger, Barack Obama, also expressed support for the government takeover. But an Obama ally, Virginia Democratic Governor Tim Kaine, said blame for the financial upheaval lies with President Bush.

    "It is an important step that they [the Bush administration] have taken, but they are way too late. During the Bush administration there has been a complete abdication of responsibility for regulating the nation's financial markets, and so it has come to this," said Kaine.

    Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have seen their stocks plummet in value in recent months. The federal takeover includes some government purchasing of the firms' stock and an infusion of funds to assure the firms' continued operation.

    Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are government-sponsored enterprises, which are among several financial service corporations created by the United States Congress.

    insolvency:無力償付債務(wù);破產(chǎn)倒閉

    symtomatic:表明……癥狀的

    way:遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地;非常地

     

    (Source: VOA 英語點津姍姍編輯)

     
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