久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

English 中文網(wǎng) 漫畫網(wǎng) 愛新聞iNews 翻譯論壇
中國網(wǎng)站品牌欄目(頻道)
當(dāng)前位置: Language Tips > Special Speed News VOA慢速

On the shoulders of giants: Isaac Newton and modern science

[ 2012-05-25 15:59]     字號 [] [] []  
免費訂閱30天China Daily雙語新聞手機報:移動用戶編輯短信CD至106580009009

SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: This is Shirley Griffith.

STEVE EMBER: And this is Steve Ember with the VOA Special English program EXPLORATIONS. Today we tell about one of the world's greatest scientists, Isaac Newton.

(MUSIC)

SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: Much of today's science of physics is based on Newton's discovery of the three laws of motion and his theory of gravity. Newton also developed one of the most powerful tools of mathematics. It is the method we call calculus.

Late in his life, Newton said of his work: "If I saw further than other men, it was because I stood on the shoulders of giants. "

On the shoulders of giants: Isaac Newton and modern science

STEVE EMBER: One of those giants was the great Italian scientist, Galileo. Galileo died the same year Newton was born. Another of the giants was the Polish scientist Nicholas Copernicus. He lived 100 years before Newton.

Copernicus had begun a scientific revolution. It led to a completely new understanding of how the universe worked. Galileo continued and expanded the work of Copernicus.

Isaac Newton built on the ideas of these two scientists and others. He found and proved the answers for which they searched.

(MUSIC)

SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: Isaac Newton was born in Woolsthorpe, England, on December 25th, 1642.

He was born early. He was a small baby and very weak. No one expected him to survive. But he surprised everyone. He had one of the most powerful minds in history. And he lived until he was 84.

Newton's father died before he was born. His mother married again a few years later. She left Isaac with his grandmother.

The boy was not a good student. Yet he liked to make things, such as kites and clocks and simple machines.

STEVE EMBER: Newton also enjoyed finding new ways to answer questions or solve problems. As a boy, for example, he decided to find a way to measure the speed of the wind.

On a windy day, he measured how far he could jump with the wind at his back. Then he measured how far he could jump with the wind in his face. From the difference between the two jumps, he made his own measure of the strength of the wind.

Strangely, Newton became a much better student after a boy kicked him in the stomach.

The boy was one of the best students in the school. Newton decided to get even by getting higher marks than the boy who kicked him. In a short time, Newton became the top student at the school.

SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: Newton left school to help on the family farm.

It soon became clear, however, that the boy was not a good farmer. He spent his time solving mathematical problems, instead of taking care of the crops. He spent hours visiting a bookstore in town, instead of selling his vegetables in the market.

An uncle decided that Newton would do better as a student than as a farmer. So he helped the young man enter Cambridge University to study mathematics.

Newton completed his university studies five years later, in 1665. He was 22 years old.

(MUSIC)

STEVE EMBER: At that time, a deadly plague was spreading across England. To escape the disease, Newton returned to the family farm. He did more thinking than farming. In doing so, he found the answers to some of the greatest mysteries of science.

Newton used his great skill in mathematics to form a better understanding of the world and the universe. He used methods he had learned as a boy in making things. He experimented. Then he studied the results and used what he had learned to design new experiments.

Newton's work led him to create a new method in mathematics for measuring areas curved in shape. He also used it to find how much material was contained in solid objects. The method he created became known as integral calculus.

SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: One day, sitting in the garden, Newton watched an apple fall from a tree. He began to wonder if the same force that pulled the apple down also kept the moon circling the Earth. Newton believed it was. And he believed it could be measured.

He called the force "gravity." He began to examine it carefully.

He decided that the strength of the force keeping a planet in orbit around the sun depended on two things. One was the amount of mass in the planet and the sun. The other was how far apart they were.

STEVE EMBER: Newton was able to find the exact relationship between distance and gravity. He multiplied the mass of one space object by the mass of the other. Then he divided that number by the square of their distance apart. The result was the strength of the gravity force that tied them to each other.

Newton proved his idea by measuring how much gravity force would be needed to keep the moon orbiting the Earth. Then he measured the mass of the Earth and the moon, and the distance between them. He found that his measurement of the gravity force produced was not the same as the force needed. But the numbers were close.

Newton did not tell anyone about his discovery. He put it aside to work on other ideas. Later, with correct measurements of the size of the Earth, he found that the numbers were exactly the same.

SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: Newton spent time studying light and colors. He used a three-sided piece of glass called a prism.

He sent a beam of sunlight through the prism. It fell on a white surface. The prism separated the beam of sunlight into the colors of a rainbow. Newton believed that all these colors -- mixed together in light -- produced the color white. He proved this by letting the beam of rainbow-colored light pass through another prism. This changed the colored light back to white light.

STEVE EMBER: Newton's study of light led him to learn why faraway objects seen through a telescope do not seem sharp and clear. The curved glass lenses at each end of the telescope acted like prisms. They produced a circle of colored light around an object. This created an unclear picture.

A few years later, Newton built a different kind of telescope. It used a curved mirror to make faraway objects seem larger.

Light reflected from the surface of the mirror, instead of passing through a curved glass lens. Newton's reflecting telescope produced much clearer pictures than the old kind of telescope.

(MUSIC)

SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: Years later, the British astronomer Edmund Halley visited Newton. He said he wanted Newton's help in finding an answer to a problem no one had been able to solve. The question was this: What is the path of a planet going around the sun?

Newton immediately gave Halley the answer: an egg-shaped path called an ellipse.

Halley was surprised. He asked for Newton's proof. Newton no longer had the papers from his earlier work. He was able to recreate them, however. He showed them to Halley. He also showed Halley all his other scientific work.

STEVE EMBER: Halley said Newton's scientific discoveries were the greatest ever made. He urged Newton to share them with the world.

Newton began to write a book that explained what he had done. It was published in 1687. Newton called his book "The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy." The book is considered the greatest scientific work ever written.

SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: In his book, Newton explains the three natural laws of motion. The first law is that an object not moving remains still. And one that is moving continues to move at an unchanging speed, so long as no outside force influences it.

Objects in space continue to move, because nothing exists in space to stop them.

Newton's second law of motion describes force. It says force equals the mass of an object, multiplied by the change in speed it produces in an object.

His third law says that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

STEVE EMBER: From these three laws, Newton was able to show how the universe worked. He proved it with easily understood mathematics. Scientists everywhere accepted Newton's ideas.

The leading English poet of Newton's time, Alexander Pope, honored the scientist with these words: "Nature and nature's laws lay hid in night. God said, --'Let Newton be!' - and all was light. "

(MUSIC)

SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: This Special English program was written by Marilyn Christiano and Frank Beardsley. This is Shirley Griffith.

STEVE EMBER: And this is Steve Ember. Listen again next week for another Explorations program on the Voice of America.

prism: 棱鏡

Related stories:

霍金:每天想的最多的是女人

霍金:天堂、來世只是童話故事

牛頓蘋果樹將體驗太空零重力

牛頓密友手稿披露萬有引力發(fā)現(xiàn)過程

(來源:VOA 編輯:旭燕)

 
中國日報網(wǎng)英語點津版權(quán)說明:凡注明來源為“中國日報網(wǎng)英語點津:XXX(署名)”的原創(chuàng)作品,除與中國日報網(wǎng)簽署英語點津內(nèi)容授權(quán)協(xié)議的網(wǎng)站外,其他任何網(wǎng)站或單位未經(jīng)允許不得非法盜鏈、轉(zhuǎn)載和使用,違者必究。如需使用,請與010-84883631聯(lián)系;凡本網(wǎng)注明“來源:XXX(非英語點津)”的作品,均轉(zhuǎn)載自其它媒體,目的在于傳播更多信息,其他媒體如需轉(zhuǎn)載,請與稿件來源方聯(lián)系,如產(chǎn)生任何問題與本網(wǎng)無關(guān);本網(wǎng)所發(fā)布的歌曲、電影片段,版權(quán)歸原作者所有,僅供學(xué)習(xí)與研究,如果侵權(quán),請?zhí)峁┌鏅?quán)證明,以便盡快刪除。
 

關(guān)注和訂閱

人氣排行

翻譯服務(wù)

中國日報網(wǎng)翻譯工作室

我們提供:媒體、文化、財經(jīng)法律等專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的中英互譯服務(wù)
電話:010-84883468
郵件:translate@chinadaily.com.cn
 
 
久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

    国产露脸91国语对白| 91丨九色丨尤物| 精品国产91九色蝌蚪| 国产精品资源在线观看| 国产精品成人一区二区三区夜夜夜 | 日本一区二区视频在线观看| 成人一级视频在线观看| 亚洲天堂a在线| 欧美日韩亚洲综合在线| 日本亚洲欧美天堂免费| 久久久美女毛片| 不卡av在线免费观看| 一区二区三区欧美久久| 欧美一区二区精品| 国产一区二区三区av电影| 亚洲日本丝袜连裤袜办公室| 4hu四虎永久在线影院成人| 狠狠色狠狠色综合日日91app| 国产精品麻豆一区二区 | 91精品福利在线一区二区三区 | 亚洲免费观看高清在线观看| 欧美肥胖老妇做爰| 国产成人午夜高潮毛片| 一区二区激情小说| www成人在线观看| 91福利在线观看| 九九视频精品免费| 亚洲人xxxx| 欧美大度的电影原声| 99久久久精品| 蜜桃av一区二区在线观看 | 日本视频一区二区三区| 欧美激情在线观看视频免费| 欧美日韩日日夜夜| 国产999精品久久久久久绿帽| 亚洲电影激情视频网站| 久久久久久夜精品精品免费| 欧美亚洲另类激情小说| 国产精品99久久久久久久女警| 亚洲国产一区二区视频| 久久久久国产精品人| 欧美图片一区二区三区| 福利电影一区二区三区| 视频在线观看91| 中文字幕一区二区三中文字幕| 日韩一级在线观看| 色婷婷av久久久久久久| 国产一区999| 日韩一区精品视频| 亚洲欧美另类图片小说| 精品国产乱子伦一区| 欧美亚洲综合久久| 成人18视频在线播放| 精品一区二区三区日韩| 亚洲小少妇裸体bbw| 国产精品理论片| 精品国产乱码久久| 欧美日韩第一区日日骚| 99re热视频精品| 国产精品亚洲成人| 久久精品国产精品亚洲红杏| 亚洲主播在线观看| 中文字幕一区二区三区在线观看 | 国产一区二区久久| 日韩福利电影在线| 亚洲伊人伊色伊影伊综合网| 国产精品高潮呻吟久久| 久久久久久久电影| 日韩精品一区二区在线观看| 欧美日韩精品一区二区三区四区| 日韩精品中文字幕一区| 欧美色网站导航| 91最新地址在线播放| 国产精品一区二区不卡| 久久国产夜色精品鲁鲁99| 亚洲成人资源网| 亚洲女人****多毛耸耸8| 欧美国产日本韩| 国产亚洲福利社区一区| 日韩久久久久久| 欧美一区二区三区四区在线观看| 色老综合老女人久久久| 成人手机在线视频| 成人一区二区三区视频在线观看| 国产一区二区视频在线播放| 老司机一区二区| 蜜桃av噜噜一区| 日本欧美大码aⅴ在线播放| 午夜成人免费电影| 视频一区在线播放| 首页综合国产亚洲丝袜| 五月天婷婷综合| 亚洲aⅴ怡春院| 五月天国产精品| 亚洲国产乱码最新视频| 亚洲影院免费观看| 亚洲妇熟xx妇色黄| 性做久久久久久久免费看| 亚洲最新在线观看| 亚洲一区二区三区不卡国产欧美| 有坂深雪av一区二区精品| 亚洲综合色视频| 亚洲va欧美va人人爽| 午夜欧美视频在线观看| 五月天激情综合| 免费久久99精品国产| 久久99久久久久久久久久久| 韩国一区二区视频| 国产高清成人在线| 成人av在线播放网站| av综合在线播放| 欧洲另类一二三四区| 欧美性猛交xxxxxxxx| 欧美军同video69gay| 日韩欧美国产综合| 337p粉嫩大胆色噜噜噜噜亚洲| 久久久久久一二三区| 国产精品亲子伦对白| 亚洲欧美激情视频在线观看一区二区三区 | 91.xcao| www欧美成人18+| 国产欧美一区二区精品秋霞影院 | 亚洲福利视频一区二区| 亚欧色一区w666天堂| 久久国内精品视频| 国产98色在线|日韩| 色婷婷综合中文久久一本| 欧美视频一二三区| 欧美成人艳星乳罩| 国产无遮挡一区二区三区毛片日本| 国产精品久久看| 亚洲大片精品永久免费| 久久成人久久鬼色| 丁香网亚洲国际| 色婷婷狠狠综合| 56国语精品自产拍在线观看| 久久久一区二区三区捆绑**| 中文字幕一区二区三区不卡 | 亚洲精品国产无套在线观 | 日韩精品一级二级| 国内精品免费**视频| www.欧美日韩国产在线| 欧美日韩中文另类| 欧美精品一区在线观看| 亚洲视频一二三区| 日韩电影一二三区| 成人免费看的视频| 欧美日韩国产另类一区| 久久蜜桃av一区精品变态类天堂 | 中文字幕制服丝袜一区二区三区 | 成人aaaa免费全部观看| 欧美日韩午夜影院| 久久嫩草精品久久久精品一| 亚洲精品高清在线| 精品一区二区三区久久久| gogogo免费视频观看亚洲一| 7777精品伊人久久久大香线蕉的| 欧美精品一区男女天堂| 尤物在线观看一区| 国产精品资源站在线| 欧美日韩在线电影| 欧美激情一区在线观看| 三级在线观看一区二区| 成人国产精品视频| 51精品国自产在线| 中文字幕亚洲欧美在线不卡| 美女性感视频久久| 一本久道久久综合中文字幕| 欧美成人一区二区三区| 亚洲最大的成人av| 国产成人精品免费| 91精品欧美福利在线观看| 亚洲欧洲在线观看av| 久久草av在线| 色老综合老女人久久久| 国产欧美日韩另类视频免费观看| 午夜精品爽啪视频| 成人综合婷婷国产精品久久蜜臀| 9191成人精品久久| 亚洲精品乱码久久久久久黑人 | 欧美日韩一二区| 一区精品在线播放| 国产乱对白刺激视频不卡| 欧美精品在欧美一区二区少妇| 国产精品国产三级国产有无不卡| 奇米一区二区三区av| 日本韩国一区二区| 国产精品午夜电影| 久草在线在线精品观看| 欧美日韩电影在线| 亚洲精品成人精品456| 成人午夜又粗又硬又大| 欧美xxxx老人做受| 日韩黄色免费电影| 在线看国产日韩| 中文字幕中文乱码欧美一区二区 | 国产校园另类小说区| 日本一区中文字幕| 欧美视频完全免费看| 亚洲欧美国产毛片在线|