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Drugs smuggled from abroad, including Southeast Asia and some Central and South Asiancountries, are the main sources of underground drug use across China, according to a senioranti-drug official from the Ministry of Public Security. "Despite great efforts in combating cross-border drug trafficking, we're still facing a grimsituation in the fight against drugs from abroad," Liu Yuejin, director of the ministry's narcoticsdepartment, said in an exclusive interview. Figures from the ministry show more than 90 percent of heroin and methamphetamine tabletsavailable through China's black market come from Southeast Asia. Last year, police in Yunnan province seized 5.37 metric tons of heroin - 73 percent of the totalnationwide - and 8.95 tons of methamphetamine (55 percent of the nationwide total), smuggledover the border with Myanmar. Cases of drug smuggling have also risen sharply on the border between China and Vietnam. Authorities in the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region uncovered 3,224 cases last year,seizing 415 kg of heroin, up 100 percent from 2011. Liu said China borders two major sources of drugs - the Golden Triangle (comprising parts ofThailand, Laos and Myanmar) and the Golden Crescent, made up of parts of Central andSouth Asia. Opium poppy planting in the Golden Triangle covered about 40,000 hectares last year,producing more than 60 tons of heroin, according to the ministry. Liu said there has been rampant smuggling of synthetic drugs in China from Southeast Asia,including Myanmar, northern Laos and Vietnam, through border areas between Yunnan andGuangxi. Poppy planting in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran has reached a total of 154,000 hectares,which can produce more than 370 tons of heroin. "A large quantity of heroin produced in these areas is usually smuggled to the Xinjiang Uygurautonomous region, and transferred to Southeast Asian countries, such as Malaysia andVietnam, and then into Guangdong province by plane ," Liu said. Drugs: Cross-border judicial communication needed Recently, drug traffickers have tried to use shipments of marble, carpets and even Buddhastatuettes to transport drugs as well as more traditional methods, such as the human body,bags or cars, said Yang Zhaohui, another senior official with the ministry's narcoticsdepartment. "Suspects tend to become violent, and even use weapons to fight us at checkpoints," Yangsaid. Cross-border traffickers often use high-tech methods, including wiretapping and networkcontrolling, in remote areas to counter police investigations and avoid punishment, Yang said. "Gang members form a strict management, and assume different tasks, including arrangingdrug sources, hiring traffickers, modifying vehicles, transport and sales," he said. To tackle the problem, China has established judicial cooperation with Southeast Asiancountries, including Myanmar, Laos, Thailand and Malaysia, Liu said. He added that China ispromoting law enforcement cooperation with some countries in Central and South Asia,including Pakistan and Afghanistan. China is also trying to deepen judicial cooperation with North American and European countriesto strengthen intelligence exchanges and case cooperation, Liu said. Hong Daode, a law professor from China University of Political Science and Law, said: "Thepriority is to get the clues and relevant intelligence information for drug trafficking crimes." Liu said the authorities face challenges in combating cross-border drug trafficking, as it isdifficult to uncover trafficking networks and capture gang leaders, as well as conductinginvestigations and collecting evidence. "We need to cooperate with judicial authorities in other countries to identify foreign suspects,and liaise on evidence-collecting abroad," he said.
(China Daily) |
近日，公安部禁毒局局長劉躍進在接受《中國日報》獨家專訪時表示，來自于“金三角”和“金新月”等境外的毒品仍是我國地下毒品消費市場的主要來源。 “盡管我們在打擊跨國毒品犯罪上取得了顯著成效，但受國際毒情發展的綜合影響，我們面臨的毒品形勢仍然十分嚴峻、復雜，”他說。 據公安部禁毒局提供的官方數據顯示，2012年，我國國內地下毒品消費市場90%以上的海洛因和90%以上的冰毒片劑都源于“金三角”地區。2012年，僅云南就繳獲緬北海洛因5.37噸、冰毒片劑8.95噸，分別占全國總量的73.7%和55.6%。 與此同時，中越邊境毒品走私活動加劇，去年廣西在中越邊境查獲毒品走私案件3224起，同比翻了一番，繳獲海洛因415千克。 劉躍進說，我國毗鄰世界兩大毒源地-“金三角”和“金新月”，2012年,“金三角”地區的罌粟種植面積達60萬畝，可生產海洛因60多噸。 “‘金三角’地區的合成毒品走私問題也愈演愈烈，主要通過云南、廣西等地向我國走私活動猖獗，”他說。 據他介紹，“金新月”地區的罌粟種植面積達231萬畝，可生產海洛因370多噸。“該地區海洛因通過馬來西亞、越南等東南亞國家，經航空向廣東等地‘點對點’滲透，經陸路從廣西入境，渠道增多，規模增大，危害加重。” 劉躍進說，近來跨境販毒案件呈現一些新的特點，藏毒方式不斷翻新。販毒分子在運輸毒品過程中除了常見的人體藏毒、箱包藏毒、汽車藏毒、貨物夾藏等手段外，還想方設法利用大理石藏毒、地毯藏毒、佛像藏毒等多種方式夾藏運輸毒品。 并且，境外毒品通過海陸空郵多渠道向我國進行立體滲透。特別是近年來，境外毒販雇傭馬仔采用人體藏毒方式，直接從境外乘坐飛機點對點對我國進行毒品販運活動，躲避我國設立的堵源截流網絡。同時，跨國販毒團伙還利用當前日益發展的物流快遞渠道，將毒品從境外“點對點”地販運至內地城市，大大增加了對毒品堵截的壓力。 他說，在跨國販毒案件中，毒販武裝對抗性強，暴力抗法現象屢屢出現，持槍拒捕、武裝對抗查緝的案件時有發生。據公安部禁毒局提供的數據顯示，自1月份以來，各地在破獲毒品案件中共收繳各類槍支739支，子彈2.9萬發。 再有，他說，跨國販毒團伙在實施犯罪活動過程中，不斷采用竊聽、定位、網絡遙控等多種高科技手段進行反偵察，逃避打擊，使公安機關查緝毒品的難度不斷加大。 “跨國販毒團伙組織內部分工明確，聯系上家，組織貨源、雇傭馬仔、改裝車輛、運輸毒品、銷售毒品等各個環節均有專人負責，具有很強的反偵察能力，”他說。 劉躍進說，為了應對國際毒情帶來的新情況和打擊猖獗的毒品跨境走私問題，中國積極參與國際禁毒執法合作，特別是充分利用聯合國、東亞次區域以及上海合作組織等多邊平臺，在共同打擊跨境毒品犯罪案件方面、深化國際和區域禁毒執法合作，取得了顯著效果。 我國積極鞏固和發展與老撾、緬甸、越南、泰國、柬埔寨、印尼、馬來西亞等東南亞國家的雙邊合作，穩步推進與俄羅斯及吉爾吉斯斯坦、哈薩克斯坦和塔吉克斯坦、阿富汗、巴基斯坦等中亞、南亞有關國家的合作。 同時，努力深化與美國、加拿大、德國、英國、澳大利亞等有關重點國家的禁毒情報交流和個案合作，與相關國家聯合偵辦多起特大跨國走私販毒案件，提高了跨國跨地區執法合作能力，他說。 為了有效整治湄公河流域突出的毒品犯罪問題，從今年4月20日至6月20日，中國、老撾、緬甸和泰國等四國執法部門集中開展湄公河流域“平安航道”聯合掃毒行動，以該流域主要販運通道為重點，堵截查控毒品和易制毒化學品，摧毀“金三角”毒品在該流域的運輸網絡，遏制毒品和易制毒化學品走私販運。 行動啟動至今，四國警方共同破獲了一批有影響的跨國、跨區域毒品大案要案，摧毀了一批跨國制販毒網絡和制毒工廠，抓獲了一批組織者、策劃者和制毒技師，通過倒查來源，堵截易制毒化學品流入緬北，切斷制毒產業鏈，進一步遏制了“金三角”地區毒品來源。 在本次行動中，中國和老撾警方于3月19日聯合偵破了一起在湄公河水域販運毒品的特大跨國走私毒品案件，當場從該船甲板夾層內查獲冰毒579.7千克，抓獲了涉案的5名跨國販毒犯罪嫌疑人。 劉躍進說道，跨境販毒案件也給公安機關的偵查和打擊帶來諸多挑戰和現實困難。一方面，跨境販毒網絡發現難和幕后組織者抓捕難。跨境販毒案件的幕后組織者一般都身處境外遙控指揮，受國家間的不同司法體制和國家間引渡、移交等條件制約，實際認定、追蹤、抓捕及移交幕后毒梟的周期較長，難度較大。 另一方面，打擊跨境毒品犯罪取證難。在打擊跨境毒品犯罪時，對外籍犯罪嫌疑人的身份確認，對涉及境外的毒品犯罪行為證據收集與固定，都需要相關國家警方的協作與配合，由于相關國家間的司法體制不同，法庭證據要求不同，打擊跨境毒品的取證難度相對較大。 （中國日報記者張琰編譯）
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