希臘債務危機專業詞匯解讀

ESM(European Stability Mechanism) 歐洲穩定機制

The ESM is the eurozone's rescue fund. It can provide countries in financial difficulty with up to €500 billion ($560bn). Greece has requested an ESM bailout to cover all its financial needs for two years.
歐洲穩定機制使歐元區的援助基金，能夠為遇到財政困難的國家提供高達5000億歐元（約合5600億美元）的援助資金。希臘已經要求歐洲穩定機制為其連續兩年提供所需的全部金融支持資金。

Eurozone 歐元區

The group of 19 EU countries that share a common currency - the euro. Has so far weathered the financial crisis and kept Greece within the currency, but there are serious fears about the future of the currency should Greece exit.
歐盟19個共用統一貨幣——歐元的國家。歐元區目前也算平安度過了金融危機，希臘也還留在這個集體里。不過，加入希臘真的脫離歐元區的話，歐元的未來也頗值得擔憂。

Exposure 面臨風險

Almost all the eurozone countries have lent money to Greece, leaving them "exposed" if Greece can't pay. The Eurozone's largest economies, Germany and France, are owed the most but countries with smaller or less robust economies, such as Slovenia and Spain, would likely suffer more.
幾乎所有的歐元區國家都給希臘借過錢，如果希臘無法還債，那么這些國家都面臨風險。德國和法國這兩個歐元區最大的經濟體借債額最高，不過，斯洛文尼亞和西班牙這種經濟實力不太強的國家可能會在希臘債務危機中受損更多。

Haircut 債務減值

A reduction in the value of a troubled borrower's debts. In 2011, Greece's private lenders received a massive 50% haircut of what they were owed, reducing Greece's debt by €100bn ($110bn). Greece pushed for a second debt haircut this year but has failed to reach an agreement with its creditors.
對遭遇經濟困境的債務方所欠債務進行減值。2011年，希臘的私有銀行債權方同意對希臘所欠債務減值50%，將希臘的債務減少了1000億歐元。今年，希臘再次要求債務減值，但是沒有跟債權方達成協議。

Paperology 文件學

The exchange of documents between Greece and its EU negotiating partners has gone on for so long with no breakthrough that it has been given its own name - "paperology".
希臘和歐盟談判方之間的文件往來持續了很久但沒有任何進展，這種狀況被叫做“文件學”。

Troika 三巨頭

A Russian word meaning a group of three, used by Greek journalists and then others to describe the EU, ECB, and IMF - the trinity of institutions responsible for monitoring Greece's austerity measures. Greece's new prime minister, Alexis Tsipras, vowed in February that he would no longer acknowledge the "Troika" as an entity.
這是一個俄語詞，指三人小組或者三國集團，希臘記者將歐盟、歐洲央行和國際貨幣基金組織合稱為Troika，因為這三個組織共同負責監督希臘的緊縮政策。希臘新任總理齊普拉斯今年2月表示，他不再承認這三個組織整體是一個實體組織。

（中國日報網英語點津 Helen）