久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

US EUROPE AFRICA ASIA 中文
Opinion / Op-Ed Contributors

Managing US-China ties

By Richard H. Solomon (China Daily) Updated: 2012-02-07 08:23

Former US president Richard Nixon's week-long visit to China in 1972 concluded with publication of the Shanghai Communiqu, a unique joint political document that established the principles for normalizing US-China relations.

Looking back over four decades, it is clear that Nixon's visit, and his discussions with Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou Enlai, fundamentally changed the political dynamic of the Cold War - to the benefit of the security of both countries. The Soviet Union was put on the defensive, and the US and China began to dismantle their decades-long confrontation. The visit represented one of the most dramatic and transforming diplomatic initiatives of the 20th century.

Full normalization of Sino-American relations was completed by former US president Jimmy Carter and Deng Xiaoping in late 1978. This development made possible a dramatic advancement in our bilateral relationship - especially in the economic and cultural realms.

Where are US-China relations today? Some have characterized them as "strategically ambiguous". We are neither allies nor adversaries. We have major areas of cooperation - especially in economic relations - but also significant areas of competition and disagreement. We share common interest in national security and a stable international environment; yet we have limited areas of cooperation and a significant measure of distrust.

Our relations today are in a contradictory state of opportunity and some antagonism. If our areas of disagreement are not carefully managed, we could again become adversaries.

Today, we can see that in the two decades since the end of the Cold War the world has entered a new era. The great power conflicts and wars that dominated the 20th century have given way to a time of international economic integration -involving both mutual benefit and competition.

Today, our security concerns are about regional interstate rivalries (the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea; India-Pakistan; Israel-Iran), and weak states that permit the growth of terrorist groups. We work to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons and to deal with the corrupting influence of narcotics cartels; and pirates capturing ocean shipping for ransom. And worldwide, ethnic and religious conflicts have replaced ideological rivalries as forces for political instability.

As well, our security is affected by issues that are not military in character: the integrity of our electronic systems - the brains and nerves of modern societies; dependable access to energy and other resources necessary for economic development; and the humanitarian impact of global climate change, pandemic diseases, pollution of the environment, and natural disasters. We are still learning how to deal with these challenges, especially where international cooperation is required.

And then there is a new force creating political change around the world: mass publics mobilized by the information revolution and social networking communications. In president Nixon's time the relatively new technology of television could be used to change public opinion "from the top down".Today, the Internet and social networking media give people the ability to exert political influence "from the bottom up".

History shows that serious economic problems, and even many security concerns, can be managed through determined diplomacy. Territorial disputes, however, are the kinds of issues that can lead to military confrontation - if not war.

One of the outcomes of the Nixon-Mao talks of the early 1970s - as noted earlier - was an agreement to defer resolution of Taiwan's status in order to cooperate on the strategic security challenge from the Soviet Union. Failure to manage Taiwan's future relationship with the Chinese mainland peacefully is the most likely source of a breakdown in the US-China relationship.

Having said that, over the past four decades there has been a remarkably positive evolution in cross-Straits relations, which have now evolved into increasingly constructive economic and social dealings between the island and the mainland. There is open political communication between leaders in Taipei and Beijing, and a growing sense of common interest.

What can be done to maximize the benefits of normal Sino-American relations - much less minimize prospects for a return to confrontation?

First is the necessity to vigorously confront the primary source of economic tension - the shared concern with "jobs, jobs, jobs". In the Cold War era, the shared strategic concern with the Soviet threat helped pull the two countries together. Today, the common concern with jobs tends to pull the countries apart, although the reality is that globalization has created enormous numbers of jobs in both countries.

The specific issues currently on the bilateral economic agenda - as noted earlier - affect jobs in both countries. There are a number of well-institutionalized bilateral and international fora and dispute-management procedures for dealing with these issues - most notably the annual US-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue.

Both the US and China need an open international trading environment. And over time China will slowly make the transition from a development strategy of export-led growth to an economy with heightened domestic household consumption.

For its part, America has to invest more at home, do so intelligently, consume less, and generate the political will to manage, on a bipartisan basis, our fiscal challenges.

The second element of managing the US-China relationship should be the construction of a positive agenda of economic and security cooperation: energy security; access to raw materials; countering the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and terrorism; sea lane security; the impact of climate change and global health threats among other things.

To conclude, Nixon called his visit to China in 1972 "the week that changed the world". Four decades later, it seems this was not an exaggeration. Or to go back even further in history, Napoleon was even more far-sighted in saying 200 years ago that China would "shake the world" when aroused from her "sleep". China today is indeed "shaking the world".

Only as leaders in both Beijing and Washington work to develop the positive factors in the relationship - while managing the areas of conflict - can they avoid the great costs that would come with a return to confrontation. This is the great contemporary challenge of managing US-China relations.

The author is president of United States Institute of Peace. He was assistant secretary of state for East Asian and Pacific affairs from 1989 to 1992. The article is an excerpt from his speech delivered to the Shanghai Institutes for International Studies on Feb 6

(China Daily 02/07/2012 page9)

Most Viewed Today's Top News
New type of urbanization is in the details
...
久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

    91超碰这里只有精品国产| 久久久精品tv| 日韩电影一区二区三区| 日韩情涩欧美日韩视频| 国内精品国产三级国产a久久| 久久久精品一品道一区| 成人免费看的视频| 亚洲色图制服丝袜| 欧美午夜理伦三级在线观看| 日韩国产在线观看一区| 欧美草草影院在线视频| 国产成a人亚洲精品| 亚洲视频一区在线| 3d成人h动漫网站入口| 国内欧美视频一区二区 | 在线不卡的av| 国内精品国产成人| 国产精品久久久久久久久免费相片 | 日韩欧美国产系列| 国产精品亚洲午夜一区二区三区| 国产精品毛片大码女人| 欧美午夜精品一区二区三区| 久久精品99国产精品| 国产精品美女久久久久久久| 欧美午夜一区二区| 国产美女久久久久| 亚洲伦理在线免费看| 日韩一区二区三| 成人午夜免费电影| 午夜精品福利在线| 久久精品人人做人人综合| 色欧美乱欧美15图片| 久久精品99国产精品| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区国产精品 | 欧美精品乱码久久久久久按摩| 国产综合久久久久影院| 亚洲欧美日韩一区二区三区在线观看| 欧美一区二区三区四区在线观看| 国产成人高清在线| 五月天婷婷综合| 欧美国产97人人爽人人喊| 欧美精选一区二区| 播五月开心婷婷综合| 免费观看在线综合| 亚洲天堂精品视频| 26uuu精品一区二区| 欧美视频一区二区三区四区| 国产精品一区二区视频| 亚欧色一区w666天堂| 欧美激情在线看| 91精品国产色综合久久ai换脸 | 五月天激情小说综合| 国产精品免费人成网站| 欧美一卡二卡三卡| 色欧美乱欧美15图片| 国产麻豆精品在线| 婷婷久久综合九色国产成人| 一区二区中文视频| www国产成人| 在线成人av影院| 色老综合老女人久久久| 国产成人鲁色资源国产91色综| 日韩激情一区二区| 一区二区三区成人| 欧美国产一区二区| xnxx国产精品| 91麻豆精品国产91久久久资源速度 | 不卡一区二区在线| 激情五月激情综合网| 亚洲第一成年网| 中文字幕中文字幕在线一区 | 一区二区三区在线不卡| 国产女人aaa级久久久级 | 精品一区二区日韩| 五月激情综合婷婷| 亚洲女同ⅹxx女同tv| 欧美国产欧美综合| 26uuu精品一区二区三区四区在线 26uuu精品一区二区在线观看 | 国产一区不卡在线| 蜜臀91精品一区二区三区 | 亚洲福利电影网| 亚洲欧美激情插 | 日韩影院精彩在线| 性久久久久久久久| 洋洋成人永久网站入口| 国产精品久久久久久一区二区三区| 精品播放一区二区| 日韩一区二区免费高清| 欧美日韩aaa| 欧美午夜影院一区| 欧美伊人久久大香线蕉综合69| thepron国产精品| 国产suv一区二区三区88区| 国产剧情av麻豆香蕉精品| 精品一区二区三区在线观看国产| 日本亚洲视频在线| 日韩电影免费一区| 日欧美一区二区| 天天操天天综合网| 日韩经典一区二区| 热久久免费视频| 免费在线欧美视频| 麻豆一区二区三| 另类成人小视频在线| 捆绑紧缚一区二区三区视频| 蜜桃视频一区二区三区在线观看| 蜜臀av性久久久久蜜臀av麻豆| 美女网站一区二区| 国产真实乱偷精品视频免| 国产一区二区影院| 国产精品一区二区不卡| 国产99久久久久| 成人国产电影网| 91日韩在线专区| 欧美在线视频全部完| 欧美日韩综合在线| 51午夜精品国产| 日韩精品一区二区在线观看| 精品国产3级a| 国产欧美日韩不卡免费| 中文字幕一区二区三区四区 | 一本色道综合亚洲| 在线国产亚洲欧美| 欧美丰满高潮xxxx喷水动漫 | 日韩视频免费直播| 久久免费精品国产久精品久久久久 | 一区在线播放视频| 亚洲网友自拍偷拍| 青青草伊人久久| 国产毛片精品视频| 99久久精品一区二区| 在线观看日韩电影| 欧美一区二区三区婷婷月色| 久久久久久久久久久久久夜| 国产精品久久久久久亚洲伦| 亚洲永久免费视频| 免费视频一区二区| 国产成人av电影在线观看| 99久久亚洲一区二区三区青草| 欧洲一区在线电影| 日韩一区二区影院| 国产婷婷色一区二区三区四区| 亚洲色图欧美激情| 日韩成人精品在线观看| 国产精品资源在线| 日本高清成人免费播放| 日韩一级欧美一级| 中文一区一区三区高中清不卡| 亚洲资源中文字幕| 韩国成人在线视频| 91亚洲永久精品| 欧美一区二区在线看| 欧美激情一区二区三区在线| 亚洲综合色自拍一区| 激情偷乱视频一区二区三区| 91麻豆精品一区二区三区| 欧美一级精品在线| 国产精品久久久久一区二区三区共 | 另类小说一区二区三区| 成人av午夜影院| 欧美精选一区二区| 中文子幕无线码一区tr| 五月婷婷久久丁香| 成人av网站在线观看免费| 欧美性生活久久| 国产人久久人人人人爽| 亚洲狠狠爱一区二区三区| 国产在线不卡视频| 欧美日韩一区成人| 欧美激情在线观看视频免费| 性感美女极品91精品| 成人一区在线观看| 91麻豆精品国产91久久久资源速度 | 日本一区二区三区久久久久久久久不 | 国产一区二区三区免费看 | 亚洲国产精品精华液ab| 日韩精品欧美成人高清一区二区| 国产91色综合久久免费分享| 欧美日本一区二区三区四区| 中文字幕国产精品一区二区| 视频一区免费在线观看| heyzo一本久久综合| 欧美v国产在线一区二区三区| 亚洲另类色综合网站| 精品在线观看视频| 欧美日韩视频在线一区二区| 国产精品久久三| 狠狠色丁香婷婷综合久久片| 欧美三级中文字| 粉嫩蜜臀av国产精品网站| 91精品国产高清一区二区三区 | 中文字幕一区av| 久久精品国产网站| 欧美日韩午夜精品| 国产精品国产三级国产三级人妇 | 中文字幕在线不卡一区| 久久9热精品视频| 欧美军同video69gay| 亚洲乱码国产乱码精品精可以看 | 久久久精品免费网站|