久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

US EUROPE AFRICA ASIA 中文
Opinion / Op-Ed Contributors

Benefits of hukou reform outweigh costs

By Qu Xiaobo (China Daily) Updated: 2015-10-27 08:09

Benefits of hukou reform outweigh costs

A man's hukou (household registration) is transferred at a government service center in Sanhe, Hebei province. [Photo/Agencies]

Reform of the hukou, or household registration system, made great progress during the 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-15) period, as over 13 million people were officially admitted as urban residents. However, more still needs to be done as a growing number of people are living in cities without being regarded as residents.

Benefits of hukou reform outweigh costs

In 2010, 35 percent of Chinese residents had an urban household registration, or hukou, while about 50 percent of the population resided in cities. In 2014, 54.7 percent of the population resided in cities, 36 percent of Chinese residents had an urban hukou.

The top leadership has, via several official documents, made clear its determination to comprehensively reform the hukou system in the coming years.

This will promote the free flow of labor, which in turn will bring huge economic benefits in the coming 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-20) period. Our research suggests that total reform of the household registration system might contribute 2 percentage points to the country's economic growth as it significantly expands the labor market by allowing and encouraging more rural surplus laborers to reside and work in cities.

Further, as the workers from rural areas work 12 hours longer than their urban counterparts per week on average, that will increase the total factor productivity of society.

More importantly, by allowing the population to flow freely and reside where they choose, the reform will create more jobs through the expansion of the service sector.

In a guiding plan on urbanization, the State Council, or the cabinet, raised the objective of transferring 7.4 percent of the total population, or about 100 million residents, from rural to urban areas. That goal will be impossible to achieve without a total reform of the hukou system.

Therefore, local government decision-makers are advised to pay more attention to the benefits of accelerating hukou reform than the costs.

Since the Third Plenum of the 18th Communist Party of China Central Committee, the top leadership has issued one guiding document after another on hukou reform, signaling their determination to reform the system. Local government leaders should build on this by deepening hukou reform.

The country's economic growth over the past years means the State finances are able to bear the cost of providing equal social security, welfare, and public services to those from rural areas that move to the cities. That means there is the wherewith to propel hukou reform and the leading officials of local governments need to seize the opportunity presented by this alignment of capability and will.

But this leads to the problem of fairly dividing the benefits and costs of hukou reform between the central and local governments. While releasing huge labor potential and bringing enormous economic benefits, the hukou reform also involves certain costs because the State will need to provide additional social services and welfare for the groups that freshly migrate to the cities. Obviously, under the current financial and monetary system, the central government needs to bear a bigger share of cost.

As the end of the 12th Five-Year Plan period approaches and the 13th is about to begin, the old hukou system is increasingly hindering the further development of the nation. This has further highlighted the necessity of reforming it. Both the central and the local levels of governments must bear the urgency of doing so in mind and make clear, unambiguous schedules, so that the Chinese economy will enjoy robust growth force in the 13th Five-Year Plan period.

The author is a researcher on urban-rural development at Shanghai Academy.

Editor's note: The print version on Oct 27, 2015, had by mistake called him "a researcher on urban-rural development at Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences". We regret the error.

Most Viewed Today's Top News
...
久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

    日本丰满少妇一区二区三区| xnxx国产精品| 日本午夜一本久久久综合| 日韩一级大片在线| 国产精品乡下勾搭老头1| 国产精品精品国产色婷婷| 91原创在线视频| 日韩高清一区在线| 久久在线观看免费| 一本色道**综合亚洲精品蜜桃冫| 亚洲3atv精品一区二区三区| 欧美一级高清片| 日韩亚洲欧美中文三级| 久久国内精品视频| 日本一区二区视频在线| 91国在线观看| 麻豆成人综合网| 国产精品家庭影院| 欧美一区二区三区在线电影| 国产99精品视频| 亚洲综合色区另类av| 精品日韩一区二区三区 | 蜜桃视频在线观看一区二区| 国产欧美日韩亚州综合| 欧美日韩亚洲综合在线 欧美亚洲特黄一级 | 日韩毛片精品高清免费| 在线不卡一区二区| 国产suv精品一区二区三区| 一区二区三区在线视频观看| 日韩美女主播在线视频一区二区三区| 福利视频网站一区二区三区| 亚洲影院久久精品| 久久久精品免费网站| 在线免费av一区| 国产精品18久久久久久久久久久久 | 91色.com| 精品一区二区三区免费播放 | 久久精品理论片| 日韩毛片视频在线看| 日韩精品一区国产麻豆| 91免费在线看| 狠狠色丁香久久婷婷综合_中| 一区二区三区中文字幕电影 | 久久精品国产久精国产爱| 亚洲欧洲日韩一区二区三区| 欧美一级欧美三级| 色综合久久久网| 国产精品综合久久| 日韩在线播放一区二区| 亚洲人成精品久久久久久| 精品嫩草影院久久| 欧美日韩一级片在线观看| 成人国产一区二区三区精品| 久久99精品国产麻豆不卡| 亚洲综合另类小说| 中文字幕乱码久久午夜不卡 | 亚洲精品国产无天堂网2021| 久久综合色一综合色88| 欧美日韩久久一区| 91原创在线视频| 国产a精品视频| 麻豆91精品91久久久的内涵| 亚洲电影中文字幕在线观看| 国产精品不卡在线观看| 久久女同互慰一区二区三区| 91精品国产一区二区三区香蕉| 一本一本大道香蕉久在线精品| 国产91综合网| 韩国精品一区二区| 日韩 欧美一区二区三区| 亚洲一区精品在线| 亚洲欧美一区二区久久 | 日韩福利电影在线观看| 亚洲制服丝袜av| 亚洲特级片在线| 国产精品视频在线看| 精品对白一区国产伦| 日韩欧美一区二区免费| 777午夜精品视频在线播放| 91福利在线看| 一本色道久久综合狠狠躁的推荐| 成人天堂资源www在线| 国产成人综合网| 国产精品538一区二区在线| 国产自产v一区二区三区c| 老司机精品视频一区二区三区| 日本美女视频一区二区| 午夜电影一区二区| 亚洲成人午夜影院| 亚洲sss视频在线视频| 亚洲一区免费视频| 亚洲午夜电影在线| 亚洲午夜一区二区| 亚洲午夜国产一区99re久久| 亚洲无线码一区二区三区| 亚洲成人自拍偷拍| 日韩精品免费专区| 日韩黄色片在线观看| 日本美女一区二区三区视频| 日本亚洲视频在线| 麻豆成人av在线| 国产尤物一区二区| 国产精品自拍三区| 成人av在线播放网址| 成人高清伦理免费影院在线观看| 成人免费视频视频在线观看免费 | 91激情五月电影| 欧美性做爰猛烈叫床潮| 欧美日韩黄色一区二区| 91精品国产一区二区三区| 日韩欧美一级二级三级久久久| 精品国产成人系列| 国产午夜亚洲精品午夜鲁丝片| 久久先锋影音av鲁色资源网| 久久久久国产一区二区三区四区 | 一区二区三区免费| 亚洲成av人片观看| 美女脱光内衣内裤视频久久影院| 国产自产视频一区二区三区| 成人久久18免费网站麻豆| 92精品国产成人观看免费| 在线欧美小视频| 91精品国产福利| 久久综合色8888| 国产精品乱码一区二三区小蝌蚪| 亚洲视频免费观看| 五月综合激情婷婷六月色窝| 麻豆精品蜜桃视频网站| 成人在线综合网站| 色菇凉天天综合网| 欧美美女bb生活片| 精品999久久久| 综合电影一区二区三区| 亚洲综合激情网| 麻豆免费精品视频| 丁香激情综合五月| 欧美视频在线一区二区三区| 精品免费视频一区二区| 国产精品福利影院| 亚洲第一搞黄网站| 国产在线精品国自产拍免费| 成年人国产精品| 欧美日韩大陆在线| 久久久久久**毛片大全| 一区二区三区免费在线观看| 久久精品久久综合| 9人人澡人人爽人人精品| 欧美日韩成人综合在线一区二区| 精品日韩欧美在线| 亚洲日本韩国一区| 免费成人在线视频观看| 成人听书哪个软件好| 欧美精品久久一区| 国产精品毛片无遮挡高清| 性感美女久久精品| 成人小视频在线观看| 欧美久久一二三四区| 国产拍揄自揄精品视频麻豆| 亚洲成人免费在线观看| 国产91丝袜在线播放九色| 欧美日韩激情在线| 国产精品妹子av| 日韩国产欧美在线观看| 99视频超级精品| 欧美大片一区二区| 亚洲综合av网| 福利视频网站一区二区三区| 欧美肥妇bbw| 日韩美女精品在线| 国产一区二区免费在线| 欧美少妇bbb| 中文天堂在线一区| 蜜臀91精品一区二区三区| 色综合中文综合网| 蜜桃视频一区二区| 成人avav影音| 日韩欧美美女一区二区三区| 亚洲欧美成人一区二区三区| 精品一区二区三区视频| 欧美三级视频在线播放| 中文字幕av一区二区三区免费看| 日韩av成人高清| 在线看不卡av| 国产精品久久影院| 久久er99热精品一区二区| 欧洲中文字幕精品| 国产精品素人一区二区| 狠狠色狠狠色综合| 91精品国产综合久久香蕉的特点 | 91丝袜美女网| 国产亚洲人成网站| 男女男精品视频| 欧洲一区二区av| 中文字幕一区二区三区乱码在线| 国产在线国偷精品免费看| 91精品国产综合久久久久久久| 一区二区三区中文字幕电影| proumb性欧美在线观看| 久久精品亚洲麻豆av一区二区| 蜜桃视频在线观看一区二区|