久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

US EUROPE AFRICA ASIA 中文
Opinion / Op-Ed Contributors

Tribunal proceedings on Manila's claims flawed

By Chris Whomersley (China Daily) Updated: 2016-06-16 08:27

When the Philippines commenced arbitration proceedings under UNCLOS, China declined to appear, arguing that the proceedings were covered by one of the exceptions in UNCLOS. Non-appearance by a State in international proceedings is actually not so unusual. Most famously, the United States declined to participate in the proceedings brought by Nicaragua in the International Court of Justice in the 1980s after the Court had held that it had jurisdiction.

So, on what basis did the Tribunal find that it had jurisdiction? The first point to note is that the Tribunal does not have jurisdiction to adjudicate upon the territorial sovereignty over the various land features in the South China Sea-even though it is common knowledge that this issue is hotly disputed, not only by China and the Philippines, but also by Viet Nam, Malaysia and Brunei. In other words, the Tribunal cannot say that a particular feature belongs to China or the Philippines. This is because the Tribunal only has jurisdiction to decide on disputes over the "interpretation or application" of UNCLOS, and UNCLOS of course is not concerned with resolving disputes over land territory. The Philippines recognized the difficulty here and expressly denied that it was seeking a decision on sovereignty over land territory.

Despite this, the Tribunal took the view that it can decide upon the status of features in the South China Sea (ie whether they are "rocks" or low-tide elevations), even though it cannot rule on which State the feature belongs to. I have described this elsewhere as putting the status cart before the sovereignty horse, and there appears to be no precedent for an international tribunal proceeding in such circumstances.

In reaching this conclusion, the Tribunal asked itself what was the "real issue" in the case brought by the Philippines, and decided that it was not about the sovereignty over the features, but about their status; thus, it said that it could rule on the latter question without touching on the former. This is despite the recent precedent of the case brought by Mauritius against the United Kingdom, in which by bringing proceedings under UNCLOS questioning the validity of the marine protected area declared around the Chagos Archipelago, Mauritius sought to dispute the sovereignty over the islands. The Tribunal in that case rightly saw through that device and declined to accept Mauritius's argument on this point. It is perhaps surprising that the Tribunal in the Philippines case did not follow this precedent.

It is also important to note that one of the exceptions in UNCLOS which China has made use of relates to maritime delimitation. Thus, there can be no compulsory recourse to arbitration in a case about maritime delimitation involving China. But actually one of the key questions in any maritime delimitation is: what is the status of the various features in the maritime area being delimited. This is because, as we have seen, low-tide elevations do not generate maritime zones at all and "rocks" only generate a territorial sea. So, deciding upon the status of maritime features is an indispensable component in effecting a maritime delimitation. In other words, delimiting a maritime boundary necessarily involves also considering the status of maritime features. There is a strong argument therefore that the Chinese exception for maritime delimitation should also have been held to cover the question of the status of the maritime features which are an indispensable part of effecting a maritime delimitation.

Furthermore, there is a well-known legal dictum that "the land dominates the sea". In other words, a State's entitlements to maritime zones depends upon the territory owned by that State. Thus, the International Court of Justice in its case-law has always decided upon disputes over land territory before proceeding to prescribe a maritime boundary. So, there are three interdependent elements: the status of features, maritime delimitation and sovereignty over land territory. But even though the Tribunal accepted that it has no jurisdiction over the latter two elements, it has decided to proceed with the case on the basis that it has jurisdiction over the first element.

Most Viewed Today's Top News
...
久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

    av电影在线观看一区| 在线观看免费视频综合| 日本一区二区三区在线不卡| 国产精品18久久久久| 国产精品萝li| 91久久人澡人人添人人爽欧美| 亚洲一区二区三区影院| 欧美日韩国产免费一区二区| 久久精品国产免费| 国产精品青草综合久久久久99| 91在线播放网址| 天使萌一区二区三区免费观看| 777久久久精品| 国产精品456露脸| 亚洲免费在线播放| 91精品久久久久久久91蜜桃| 国产精品91一区二区| 亚洲男人的天堂在线观看| 91精品国产欧美一区二区 | 亚洲精品高清视频在线观看| 欧美日韩不卡在线| 国产又黄又大久久| 亚洲黄色av一区| 欧美一二三区在线| www.久久久久久久久| 三级欧美韩日大片在线看| 欧美成人精品3d动漫h| 91丨porny丨最新| 美女mm1313爽爽久久久蜜臀| 中文字幕一区二区三区四区不卡 | 精品av久久707| 92精品国产成人观看免费| 奇米一区二区三区| 国产精品二三区| 日韩一区二区三区在线| 本田岬高潮一区二区三区| 日韩avvvv在线播放| 国产精品理论在线观看| 日韩一卡二卡三卡| 97精品超碰一区二区三区| 秋霞午夜鲁丝一区二区老狼| 亚洲色图视频免费播放| 精品国产乱码久久久久久久| 色综合天天综合网天天狠天天| 麻豆中文一区二区| 亚洲精品写真福利| 久久久久久久综合| 欧美剧情电影在线观看完整版免费励志电影| 国产精品99久久久久久似苏梦涵| 亚洲123区在线观看| 国产精品青草久久| 日韩女优av电影在线观看| 在线免费一区三区| 国产成人综合在线播放| 日本午夜一本久久久综合| 最新久久zyz资源站| 久久综合久久综合亚洲| 欧美日韩精品免费观看视频| 99视频精品在线| 国产资源在线一区| 肉丝袜脚交视频一区二区| 亚洲天堂精品在线观看| 国产亚洲精品福利| 日韩免费性生活视频播放| 欧美亚洲综合在线| 99久久精品国产导航| 国产精品911| 免费在线观看一区二区三区| 亚洲一区二区三区四区五区黄| 中文字幕av一区二区三区| 精品国产91亚洲一区二区三区婷婷| 精品视频在线看| 色综合天天综合色综合av| 丁香婷婷综合激情五月色| 精品亚洲免费视频| 日日噜噜夜夜狠狠视频欧美人| 亚洲美女免费视频| 国产精品久久网站| 中文字幕第一页久久| 久久综合九色综合97婷婷女人| 欧美一区二区三区在线视频| 欧美日韩一区二区欧美激情| 色天天综合色天天久久| zzijzzij亚洲日本少妇熟睡| 国产成人在线视频网址| 精品制服美女丁香| 老司机精品视频一区二区三区| 日韩成人伦理电影在线观看| 亚洲成人动漫av| 一区二区三区在线视频免费| 亚洲欧美国产高清| 亚洲啪啪综合av一区二区三区| 国产精品色一区二区三区| 国产欧美视频一区二区三区| 久久久久久99精品| 国产午夜亚洲精品午夜鲁丝片| 久久亚区不卡日本| 2020国产成人综合网| 久久影院午夜论| 国产亚洲婷婷免费| 久久精品日产第一区二区三区高清版| 26uuu亚洲婷婷狠狠天堂| 久久青草国产手机看片福利盒子 | 丝袜美腿亚洲色图| 五月开心婷婷久久| 性做久久久久久久免费看| 亚洲444eee在线观看| 亚洲18影院在线观看| 日韩高清在线一区| 麻豆极品一区二区三区| 久久成人18免费观看| 精品一区二区三区在线观看| 国产在线一区二区| 国产999精品久久久久久| 成人app在线| 91麻豆swag| 欧美日韩一区二区在线观看| 91精品久久久久久久99蜜桃| 欧美r级电影在线观看| 久久精品亚洲麻豆av一区二区 | 久久影院午夜论| 中文字幕精品综合| 亚洲人亚洲人成电影网站色| 亚洲综合成人在线视频| 日韩精品一区第一页| 精品一区二区在线观看| 成人中文字幕电影| 日本韩国欧美三级| 91精品国产色综合久久不卡蜜臀| 精品久久久久久无| 国产精品拍天天在线| 一区二区三区中文字幕电影| 日韩精品欧美精品| 国产曰批免费观看久久久| av影院午夜一区| 精品视频999| 精品国产乱码久久久久久牛牛| 国产精品色婷婷久久58| 亚洲综合另类小说| 久久精品99国产国产精| youjizz国产精品| 欧美日韩情趣电影| 精品电影一区二区| 亚洲天堂久久久久久久| 日韩精品三区四区| 成人性生交大合| 欧美日韩中字一区| 久久久精品中文字幕麻豆发布| 18欧美亚洲精品| 男女性色大片免费观看一区二区 | 精品国产第一区二区三区观看体验| 中文字幕免费一区| 天堂蜜桃91精品| 国产69精品久久99不卡| 欧美调教femdomvk| 久久一留热品黄| 亚洲在线视频免费观看| 激情偷乱视频一区二区三区| 色系网站成人免费| 精品国产伦一区二区三区观看体验| 日韩一区欧美一区| 狂野欧美性猛交blacked| 99re热这里只有精品免费视频| 69堂成人精品免费视频| 国产精品免费看片| 日本va欧美va欧美va精品| 成人在线视频一区| 欧美一区二区不卡视频| 中文字幕一区在线观看视频| 日本免费新一区视频| 99视频超级精品| 精品少妇一区二区三区视频免付费| 日韩毛片精品高清免费| 久久99国内精品| 欧美影视一区二区三区| 国产亚洲污的网站| 日韩av电影免费观看高清完整版| fc2成人免费人成在线观看播放 | 不卡的av电影| 日韩欧美www| 亚洲福利一区二区| 国产精品一区二区三区四区| 欧美精品亚洲一区二区在线播放| 国产精品美女久久久久久久网站| 蜜臀av一区二区三区| 欧美视频中文字幕| 中文字幕一区二区三区精华液| 黄色日韩网站视频| 在线不卡a资源高清| 亚洲码国产岛国毛片在线| 国产激情一区二区三区桃花岛亚洲| 欧美精品1区2区| 一区二区三区精品| aaa亚洲精品一二三区| 国产亚洲短视频| 麻豆专区一区二区三区四区五区| 欧美网站一区二区| 中文字幕综合网| 成人av电影免费观看| 久久久久久久久岛国免费|