兩會(huì)召開(kāi)在即，ChinaDaily手機(jī)報(bào)"手機(jī)問(wèn)政"調(diào)查收到大量讀者反饋。大家最關(guān)注的民生問(wèn)題是什么？今年又出現(xiàn)了哪些新的民生訴求？歡迎關(guān)注本期慢讀深度解析。

截至2月底，已有1750名讀者參與了我們的"手機(jī)問(wèn)政"調(diào)查，與去年的調(diào)查類(lèi)似，"教育與就業(yè)"、"房?jī)r(jià)"、"食品安全"、"反腐倡廉"、"收入分配"仍是大家關(guān)心的兩會(huì)熱點(diǎn)。略有不同的是，"環(huán)境保護(hù)"成為今年民生熱點(diǎn)的一匹"黑馬"；此外，精神層面的"國(guó)民思想/文化思考"也首次成為熱點(diǎn)。而"幸福"、"公平"、"和諧"、"老有所依"等則成為讀者反饋的高頻詞。

Improving education, similar to last year, is seen as the top priority among topics expected to be addressed at the upcoming annual "2 sessions" of the NPC and CPPCC, according to a survey conducted among China Daily Mobile News readers. As of the end of February, 1,750 participants joined the survey. The hot topics also include house prices, food safety, anti-corruption and income distribution, which is consistent with 2012. Environmental protection and trends in cultural thinking are also among the top 7 for the first time. At the same time, "happiness", "fairness", "harmony" and "a decent standard of living for the old" are the most frequently found words among the messages from respondents.

ChinaDaily手機(jī)報(bào)已連續(xù)舉行了五屆"手機(jī)問(wèn)政??兩會(huì)調(diào)查"。因?yàn)槭謾C(jī)報(bào)讀者群(全國(guó)各大中學(xué)、高校的學(xué)生和教師以及企業(yè)白領(lǐng))比較固定，所以總的來(lái)說(shuō)，大家關(guān)心的問(wèn)題集中且具有延續(xù)性。與去年類(lèi)似，教育話(huà)題今年仍是大熱門(mén)，同時(shí)，人們繼續(xù)關(guān)心房?jī)r(jià)和收入等議題。?

?1. 教育與就業(yè)手機(jī)報(bào)讀者關(guān)于教育方面的反饋達(dá)450條(約占問(wèn)政短信的25.7%)，成為受訪(fǎng)手機(jī)讀者最關(guān)心的兩會(huì)問(wèn)題。具體包括教育體制改革、大學(xué)生就業(yè)、教師待遇、大學(xué)教師職稱(chēng)評(píng)定、農(nóng)村中小學(xué)撤點(diǎn)并校、自考等。其中教育體制改革(290條，16.6%)最受關(guān)注，其次是教師待遇(100條，5.7%)和大學(xué)生就業(yè)(60條，3.4%)。

Up to 450 messages, or 25.7% of the total feedbacks, talk about education, making it the most heated topic in the survey. Specific issues involve education system reform, student employment after higher education, teachers' salaries, instructors' professional title appraisals in colleges, the merging of rural primary and middle schools and self-study examination. Education system reform is attracting the most attention with 290 messages (16.6%), followed by teachers' salaries (100 messages, 5.7%) and university graduates' employment (60 messages, 3.4%).

一位來(lái)自?xún)?nèi)蒙古呼和浩特、正在備戰(zhàn)高考的高三學(xué)生稱(chēng)，應(yīng)試壓力讓同學(xué)們疲憊不堪，他希望，"不管教育改革的路有多遠(yuǎn)，從現(xiàn)在起改，對(duì)00后們也許還來(lái)得及"。還有不少讀者直言，目前高校盲目開(kāi)設(shè)各種專(zhuān)業(yè)，大力擴(kuò)招，教學(xué)質(zhì)量卻令人擔(dān)憂(yōu)，大學(xué)畢業(yè)生就業(yè)難與此難脫干系。

"I hope it is still not too late for the post-2000 generation if there is a reform of exam-oriented education, though there is a long way to go," says a reader from Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, in his message. He says he is one of those high school students who are now preparing for this year's college entrance examination, and that he and his classmates are getting worn out by the test pressure. Some other readers talk about why college students are finding it hard to get a job after graduation; they think it is related to the expansion of enrollment in colleges. Teaching quality is going downhill with more students enrolled and more majors set up.?

2. 房?jī)r(jià)房?jī)r(jià)成為手機(jī)報(bào)讀者第二關(guān)注的熱門(mén)話(huà)題，相關(guān)問(wèn)政短信達(dá)230條(13.1%)。在這個(gè)分項(xiàng)里，近9成讀者認(rèn)為目前房?jī)r(jià)仍然太高，工薪族難以承受；約半數(shù)關(guān)注房?jī)r(jià)的讀者認(rèn)為高房?jī)r(jià)與官員腐敗相關(guān)；還有部分讀者提出，保障房存在分配不合理、監(jiān)管漏洞等問(wèn)題。

The housing price (230 messages, 13.1%) is ranked No 2 among issues attracting attention, just after education. Nearly 90% of those caring about real estate say the current house prices are too high to be afforded by wage-earners; about 50% of them believe the high housing price is related to official corruption. Some respondents talk of social security housing, which they think is not fairly distributed and in which there is also supervision loopholes.

江西南昌一位讀者表示，高房?jī)r(jià)刺激全民和地方政府投機(jī)，實(shí)業(yè)積極性嚴(yán)重萎縮，壓抑了內(nèi)需，刺激了高通脹。要抑制高房?jī)r(jià)，河南新鄉(xiāng)的一位讀者認(rèn)為，必須多管齊下，堅(jiān)決抑制投機(jī)投資性購(gòu)房，僅靠限購(gòu)，或許治標(biāo)不治本。還有不少讀者支持盡快實(shí)施房產(chǎn)稅。

Speculators and local governments at all levels are flocking to real estate invest, making industries shrink; that will further reduce domestic demand and worsen inflation, says a reader from Nanchang, Jiangxi, in his message. How should one curb high house prices? In the view of a reader from Xinxiang, Henan, a variety of measures must be combined to restrict housing speculation and investment; purchase limitations alone won't help much and won't solve the problem. There are also some readers who advise a property tax.

3. 其它延續(xù)性熱點(diǎn)食品安全(140條，8%)、反腐倡廉(130條，7.4%)和收入分配(109條，6.2%)也成為讀者關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)。食品安全分項(xiàng)里，7成讀者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的食品讓人沒(méi)有"安全感"。反腐方面，大多數(shù)讀者認(rèn)為應(yīng)建立群眾輿論監(jiān)督體制，加強(qiáng)對(duì)官員的問(wèn)責(zé)制度。收入分配被談得最多的是城鄉(xiāng)收入差距、工資追不上物價(jià)、同工不同酬等問(wèn)題。

Food safety (140 messages, 8%), anti-corruption (130 messages, 7.4%) and income distribution (109 messages, 6.2%) are also among the hot topics, consistent with last year. Among those interested in food safety, 70% say they doubt about the food safety in China. Most of the 130 messages talking about anti-corruption think a surveillance system by the public should be established and officials' accountability should be intensified. As for income distribution, the income gap between rural and urban areas, income chasing after inflation and same work with different pay are mentioned the most.

一位上海讀者說(shuō)道，"什么都可從長(zhǎng)計(jì)議，唯食品安全刻不容緩，應(yīng)該像對(duì)待毒品一樣，重點(diǎn)打擊整治。不然愈演愈烈，不消多年，病夫成堆，病患成群。"

A reader from Shanghai says that everything can be discussed further before making a decision except for food safety. We should intensify the crackdown on food safety infringements just like dealing with drugs, he says, before a growing number of Chinese people fall ill due to unsafe food years from now.

本次手機(jī)問(wèn)政調(diào)查與往年的最大不同之處，在于讀者們不約而同提到環(huán)境問(wèn)題。環(huán)保成為最意外的民生熱點(diǎn)"黑馬 "。此外，也有讀者開(kāi)始關(guān)注國(guó)人的思想，并認(rèn)為它與當(dāng)今社會(huì)不良風(fēng)氣的產(chǎn)生具有相關(guān)性。

1. 環(huán)境保護(hù)環(huán)保問(wèn)題(170條，9.7%)成為此次手機(jī)問(wèn)政的第三大熱點(diǎn)話(huà)題，僅次于教育和房?jī)r(jià)。環(huán)保成為熱點(diǎn)既是意料之外，也是意料之中。近期全國(guó)各地頻現(xiàn)的霧霾和地下水污染問(wèn)題，推動(dòng)了早已進(jìn)入公眾視線(xiàn)的環(huán)保問(wèn)題一躍成為公眾關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。關(guān)于空氣質(zhì)量惡化的原因，大多數(shù)讀者提到清潔能源比重偏低、燃煤排放、汽車(chē)尾氣等原因。

The environment issue (170 messages, 9.7%) is ranked No 3 in the hot topics, only after education and house prices, which is unpredictable but not surprising. Smoggy air and ground water pollution are stimulating people's attention these days. When talking of the reason for air pollution, most mention the low proportion of clean energy usage in China, coal consumption and vehicle emissions.

在環(huán)保方面，還有不少讀者提到農(nóng)村環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題，指出"農(nóng)村固體垃圾污染遍地，農(nóng)村水污染更是嚴(yán)重"，甚至發(fā)出"小時(shí)候的清澈河流再也找不回"的感嘆，希望農(nóng)村污染盡快得到有關(guān)部門(mén)關(guān)注。

There are some readers calling for relevant authorities to pay attention to the environmental pollution in rural areas. "Solid waste is everywhere and the water pollution is even worse in the countryside," some messages say. "There are no more rivers as clean and clear as when I was a child," some say.?

2. 國(guó)民思想/文化思考國(guó)民的思想文化素養(yǎng)(45條，2.6%)首次在手機(jī)問(wèn)政中得到這么多關(guān)注。經(jīng)濟(jì)在高速發(fā)展，思想層面的東西也不容忽視，因?yàn)?國(guó)民思想是國(guó)家的靈魂"，一位福建福州的讀者說(shuō)道。一位北京讀者也表示，"社會(huì)的諸多問(wèn)題，大部分是因?yàn)槲覀儑?guó)家人文思潮的偏向"。廣東廣州的一位讀者更是坦言："當(dāng)代人普遍'向錢(qián)看'，也許是時(shí)候重塑整個(gè)社會(huì)的價(jià)值觀了"。

Cultural thinking of the whole nation is grabbing a great deal of attention for the first time in the annual survey. With the economy rapidly growing, what the people think should not be neglected, says a reader from Fuzhou, Fujian, who calls national ideology "the soul of a nation." He gets agreement from a Beijing reader, who says in his own message that "many social problems nowadays are the result of a deviation of cultural thought across the country." And according to a reader from Guangzhou, Guangdong, "we are becoming more materialistic and maybe it is time for our whole nation to remodel itself on what we have valued the most."

本次調(diào)查中，"幸福"一共被讀者提及40多次，"公平"被提及150多次，"和諧"40多次，與"老有所依"相關(guān)的詞匯被提及90多次。這些高頻詞的出現(xiàn)也在一定程度上體現(xiàn)了公眾的核心訴求。

1. 幸福

--住房問(wèn)題解決不了，何談幸福呢？(河南新鄉(xiāng)讀者)

If housing problems cannot be solved, how could we be happy?

--主導(dǎo)百姓幸福指數(shù)的因素，還有精神思想。(福建福州讀者)

When talking about elements affecting the happiness index, we should not forget spiritual thoughts.

2. 公平

--18大提出改革是最大的紅利，那就要讓這個(gè)紅利公平地惠及每一位努力向上的民眾。(內(nèi)蒙古包頭讀者)

The 18th National Congress of the CPC says that reform is the greatest dividend. Then let the dividend be distributed to every hardworking Chinese equitably.

--養(yǎng)老何時(shí)才能逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)公平？(江蘇南京讀者)

When can social securities guarantee fairness among pensioners?

3. 和諧

--"安居"是構(gòu)建和諧社會(huì)的根本，是國(guó)家長(zhǎng)治久安的根本。(山東濰坊讀者)

Only when everyone settles down in a comfortable house that a harmonious and politically stable society can be achieved.

--農(nóng)民工的福利問(wèn)題關(guān)系著城市的發(fā)展、農(nóng)村的進(jìn)步、社會(huì)的和諧。(陜西西安讀者)

The welfare of rural migrant workers relates to urban development, rural progress and a harmonious society.

4. 老有所依

--母親與共和國(guó)同齡，自20多歲開(kāi)始做鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)生。現(xiàn)在老了，國(guó)家對(duì)她們這批人沒(méi)有什么政策。老有所依，難以實(shí)現(xiàn)。(山東濰坊讀者)

Mum has the same age as the People's Republic of China. She had been a rural doctor since she was in her early 20s. No relative policies benefit them as they are getting old. It seems impossible for them to have a decent standard of living now.

--提起新中國(guó)教育發(fā)展史，不能忘記民辦教師這個(gè)群體。現(xiàn)在許多未轉(zhuǎn)為公辦的他們已年逾花甲。社會(huì)應(yīng)該給予他們更多關(guān)懷，讓他們老有所依。(山東青島讀者)

When talking about the educational history of the People's Republic of China, we should not forget those called "citizenmanaged teachers". Now some of them, failing to become a regular teacher, are in their 60s. Society should give them more care and let them have a decent standard of living.

[學(xué)潮詞] 本次調(diào)查中，以下話(huà)題也被不少讀者提及：

社會(huì)保障social security

穩(wěn)定物價(jià)price stability

三農(nóng)問(wèn)題rural issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers

藥品安全drug safety

上班族過(guò)勞overworked white-collars

大學(xué)生村官college students serving as village officials

春運(yùn)車(chē)票train tickets during the Spring Festival travel rush

高速免費(fèi)free expressway

同性戀問(wèn)題homosexual problems

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