久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

Ping Pong Diplomacy
(China.org.cn)
Updated: 2009-01-07 14:25

When people in England played a small plastic ball on a table with round wooden bats a hundred years ago, perhaps it had never occurred to anyone---and indeed nor to anyone even three decades ago--- that the game would play such a vital role in the Olympic Movement and be used someday as a powerful weapon in diplomacy leading to the re-opening of Sino-US relations in the early '70s, contemporary history of the world.


Premier Zhou Enlai meets the visiting US "ping-pong delegation" on April 14, 1971. [China Daily] 
After the US-backed Kuomintang government was overthrown in 1949, the United States adopted a policy of blockade towards the newly-born People's Republic of China.

In the late '60s, in face of increasing Soviet menaces, the Nixon Administration wanted to change its global strategy by improving its relations with China. As Nixon had written in the October 1967 issue of Foreign Affairs, "Taking the long view we simply cannot afford to leave China forever outside the family of nations."

Immediately after his nomination for President, he reiterated in an interview to Time magazine that "We must not forget China. We must always seek opportunities to talk with her." "If there is anything I want to do before I die, it is to go to China."

On the other hand, as Premier Zhou Enlai had declared as early as 1955 at the Bandung Conference, "The Chinese people are friendly towards the American people. The Chinese people want no war with the United States. The Chinese government is willing to sit down for talks on problems concerning the relaxation of tensions in the Far East, particularly in the Taiwan area."


The TIME magazine publishes this photo of the US Ping Pong delegation, taken on the Great Wall, for an April 1971 cover. [Sohu.com]

Towards the end of 1969, the talks in Warsaw between China and the United States at the ministerial level which had gone on for 14 years without achieving any result were resumed, only to stop again after two intervention in Cambodia in April 1970.

On October 25, Nixon asked President Yahya Khan of Pakistan at the White House to send an oral message to Chinese leaders that the United States had decided to normalize its relations with China and would dispatch a high-ranking official on a secret trip to China.

On the next day, in his speech at a banquet in honour of the Romanian guest Ceaucescu, he used for the first time the name of "People's Republic of China." In November, Yahya Khan forwarded Nixon's oral message to Premier Zhou Enlai on his visit to China. Zhou said that this was something very important and he would report it to Chairman Mao Zedong.

A few days later, Zhou told the Pakistan president that Mao had agreed to the American proposal on principle, pending the solution of many details: Who would make the trip to China? When? Whether directly country? And so on and so forth.

On December 18, Chairman Mao Zedong had a five-hour talk with his old American friend Edgar Snow, mainly on the topic of Sino-US relations. He said that if Nixon wanted to come to China, he might "come quietly in a plane, either as a tourist or a president…I don't think I'll wrangle with him, though I'll criticize him."

Early in 1971, the Chinese foreign ministry was deliberating on questions related to the re-opening of Sino-US relations, such as whom to invite first and when and through what channels.

It happened that the 31st World Table Tennis Championships was going to be held in Nagoya from March 28 through April 7,1971. concerning China's participation in this tournament, a special meeting was held at the State Council on March 11. It was attended by officials from the Foreign Ministry and the State Commission for Physical Culture and Sports, with Premier Zhou Enlai presiding.

"Our table tennis team represents our country and our people, " Zhou said, "It will come into contact with many teams from other countries including the United States.

If the Amecican team is a progressive one, we may invite it to China for competition. Hasn't our team been to West Germany? Can't it even go to the United States? We haven't restored relations with Japan, but our sports delegation can go there."

While in Nagoya, Song Zhong of the Chinese delegation met with Steenhoven, manager of the US delegation, who told him that on the eve of its departure the US State Department had decided to lift all restrictions on travels to China for holders of American passports. Song said that this meant they might be able to meet someday in Beijing. Steenhoven said that American players had much to learn from Chinese players if they had the chance to visit China.

The conversation was immediately reported back to China, where a daily bulletin was published about the news from Nagoya, with copies sent to Zhou and Mao and to the Foreign Ministry. Upon hearing the news about the conversation, Mao ordered that five telephone calls instead of three be made to Nagoya every day.

On April 1, across the Pacific, Henry Kissinger read a memorandum from the State Department in which Zhou was reported to have told former Japanese foreign minister Fujiyama Aiichiro that there might be a sudden turn for the better sometime in the relations between China and the United States, and that China had taken notice of the American president using the formal name of china for the first time.

The memorandum also mentioned Snow's conversations with Mao and Zhou. But the State Department concluded that because of the war in Indochina there was no prospect for immediate improvement in the Sino-US relations.

In Beijing, after a careful study of the reports from Nagoya, the Foreign Ministry held that in inviting Americans to China, first consideration should be given to influential journalists and politicians.

In a report written jointly by the Foreign Ministry and the State Commission for Physical Culture and Sports on April 4, it was suggested that the Chinese table tennis delegation in Nagoya tell the American team that the time was not yet ripe for it to visit China. The report was sent to Zhou and Mao.

By then the Chinese and American table tennis players had come into contact on more than one occasion and exchanged souvenirs, which had made a sensation in the world press. The American players had expressed their wish to visit China.

Mao was well informed of what had happened in Nagoya. He decided to invite the American players immediately. On April 7, the Chinese delegation received a directive from home: "considering that the American team has made the request many times with friendly enthusiasm, it has been approved to invite it, including its leaders, to visit our country."

Upon receiving the invitation, Steenhoven immediately reported to the American ambassador to Japan. After reading the cable from Tokyo, Nixon decided at once that the American team should go to China, taking the invitation for the beginning of a long-awaited major diplomatic action.

On April 14, Zhou received the guest teams from the United States, Canada, Colombia and Nigeria at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. When talking with the American players, he said, "The Chinese and American people used to have frequent exchanges. Then came a long period of severance. Your visit has opened the door to friendship between the peoples of the two countries."

A few hours after the reception, Nixon announced a relaxation of embargo against China. In the latter part of April, China sent a letter, again care of Pakistan, to the United States, saying that china would be willing to receive a special envoy of the American President (e.g Kissinger) or the American Secretary of State, or the President himself. On May 17, Nixon sent through Pakistan his letter of reply, saying that he was ready to receive an invitation to visit Beijing and proposing that preliminary talks be held in secret between Kissinger and Zhou or another appropriate Chinese high-level official. In July Kissinger and Zhou had talks in Beijing from the 9th to the 11th and the two countries publicized a communique simultaneously on the 15th.

From February 21 through 28, 1972, Nixon visited China and met with Mao on the day of his arrival in Beijing. A communique signed in shanghai was publicized by the two countries on the 27th.

The "ping pong diplomacy" led to the restoration of Sino-US relations which had been cut for more than two decades. This triggered off a series of other events, including the restoration of China's legitimate rights in the United Nations by an overwhelming majority vote in October, and the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and other countries.

Of course, Sino-US relations might have been restored sooner or later, even without the "ping pong diplomacy." Clearly, though, this diplomacy sped up the process. As Zhou Enlai said, a ball bounced over the net and the whole world was shocked. The big globe was set in motion by a tiny globe--- something inexplicable in physical but not impossible in politics.

And it is interesting to note that table tennis has played a similar role in the improvement of relations between the northern and southern parts of Korea. A united team consisting of players from both sides of the 38th parallel participated in the 41st World Table Tennis Championships held in Japan's Chiba from April 24 to May 6, 1991.

The Corbillon Cup they won for the women's team event brought jubilation to the 70 million Korean people. The victory was a milestone that might lead the split Korea to reconciliation and reunification.

Photo Gallery

 

久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

    美女在线视频一区| 亚洲国产精品天堂| 99久久久久久| 国产精品久久久久久久浪潮网站| av色综合久久天堂av综合| 亚洲女性喷水在线观看一区| 精品婷婷伊人一区三区三| 五月天激情综合| 精品国产露脸精彩对白| 大桥未久av一区二区三区中文| **网站欧美大片在线观看| 色综合天天综合在线视频| 午夜影院久久久| 26uuu另类欧美亚洲曰本| 成人18精品视频| 亚洲国产一区二区三区| 欧美大片日本大片免费观看| 高清久久久久久| 一区二区在线免费| 日韩欧美第一区| 丁香婷婷综合激情五月色| 艳妇臀荡乳欲伦亚洲一区| 日韩欧美国产麻豆| 国产成人av一区| 亚洲午夜在线电影| 久久综合成人精品亚洲另类欧美| 99国内精品久久| 日本不卡一二三区黄网| 国产精品丝袜一区| 欧美电影影音先锋| 成人深夜在线观看| 亚洲综合在线观看视频| 亚洲精品在线免费观看视频| 99久久精品免费观看| 日本91福利区| 亚洲欧美综合在线精品| 91精品国产91久久综合桃花| 成人毛片视频在线观看| 天天爽夜夜爽夜夜爽精品视频| 国产天堂亚洲国产碰碰| 精品视频在线免费| 成人av在线播放网站| 日本午夜一区二区| 亚洲人精品午夜| 久久午夜色播影院免费高清| 日本精品裸体写真集在线观看| 麻豆国产精品官网| 夜夜操天天操亚洲| 国产三级精品在线| 欧美精品视频www在线观看 | 91蝌蚪porny九色| 久久av资源网| 一区二区三区欧美视频| 久久久久久久久久久黄色| 欧美久久一二三四区| www.亚洲在线| 国产一区二区三区av电影 | 亚洲欧洲日韩在线| 26uuu成人网一区二区三区| 欧洲视频一区二区| voyeur盗摄精品| 麻豆国产精品视频| 亚洲线精品一区二区三区八戒| 国产精品伦理一区二区| 欧美xxxxx牲另类人与| 色综合色狠狠综合色| 国产福利91精品一区二区三区| 日韩精品乱码免费| 亚洲天堂成人网| 久久亚洲一级片| 欧美日韩成人综合在线一区二区| 成人动漫在线一区| 国产在线播放一区| 婷婷国产v国产偷v亚洲高清| 亚洲视频一二区| 欧美激情在线观看视频免费| 欧美一级专区免费大片| 91精彩视频在线| a级精品国产片在线观看| 精品一二三四区| 亚洲6080在线| 亚洲综合一区二区三区| 最新中文字幕一区二区三区 | 2021国产精品久久精品| 欧美日韩国产大片| 在线视频亚洲一区| 91在线一区二区三区| 成人一区二区视频| 国产成人午夜精品5599| 国产一区二区在线观看免费| 久久狠狠亚洲综合| 久久黄色级2电影| 久久精品噜噜噜成人88aⅴ| 日韩影视精彩在线| 日韩福利电影在线观看| 五月激情丁香一区二区三区| 亚洲成人动漫在线观看| 亚洲电影中文字幕在线观看| 亚洲午夜免费福利视频| 亚洲综合男人的天堂| 一区二区不卡在线视频 午夜欧美不卡在| 亚洲男人电影天堂| 一级做a爱片久久| 亚洲第一精品在线| 日韩精品乱码免费| 蜜臀av性久久久久蜜臀aⅴ流畅 | 久久久一区二区| 国产亚洲精品久| 国产精品久久午夜| 亚洲私人影院在线观看| 99在线精品观看| 91女厕偷拍女厕偷拍高清| 色天天综合色天天久久| 欧美综合亚洲图片综合区| 欧美日韩亚洲不卡| 欧美日韩激情一区二区三区| 91精品国产免费久久综合| 日韩欧美国产午夜精品| 久久久久国产精品厨房| 国产精品久久久久久亚洲毛片| 亚洲六月丁香色婷婷综合久久| 一区二区三区成人在线视频| 五月综合激情网| 久久国产精品99久久人人澡| 国产精品18久久久久久久久| 成人黄色av网站在线| 91日韩精品一区| 欧美精品丝袜久久久中文字幕| 精品国产污污免费网站入口| 国产亚洲精品免费| 亚洲精品成人a在线观看| 婷婷激情综合网| 国产一区欧美二区| 99久久99久久精品免费观看| 欧美日韩在线播放一区| 日韩欧美国产1| 国产精品视频免费| 亚洲一区二区偷拍精品| 麻豆成人免费电影| 成人免费福利片| 在线观看亚洲a| 日韩欧美一区二区三区在线| 国产日韩高清在线| 亚洲综合另类小说| 精品一区二区三区免费毛片爱| 成人一区二区三区中文字幕| 欧美日韩综合色| 久久久久久一二三区| 曰韩精品一区二区| 美女在线视频一区| 99久久久久久| 亚洲成人av免费| 国产乱码一区二区三区| 色综合激情久久| 欧美mv日韩mv国产网站| 成人欧美一区二区三区在线播放| 日本成人在线电影网| 成人丝袜18视频在线观看| 在线播放中文字幕一区| 国产精品日韩成人| 日韩国产成人精品| 99精品视频一区二区| 日韩美女在线视频| 亚洲色图视频网| 久久精品国产秦先生| 色综合天天综合| 亚洲精品一区二区三区在线观看| 中文字幕一区二区不卡| 美国十次综合导航| 色国产精品一区在线观看| 亚洲精品一区二区三区四区高清 | 亚洲影视在线观看| 国产成人在线视频网站| 欧美日产国产精品| 国产精品不卡在线| 久久电影网站中文字幕| 在线观看日韩一区| 国产欧美精品在线观看| 日韩中文字幕区一区有砖一区| 91视频一区二区三区| 欧美精品一区二区精品网| 亚洲国产aⅴ天堂久久| 成人av免费在线| 精品91自产拍在线观看一区| 亚洲国产精品嫩草影院| www.综合网.com| 久久精品一区二区三区不卡牛牛 | 国产精品一区2区| 欧美日韩精品电影| 亚洲精品国产无套在线观| 国产成人av自拍| 精品国产髙清在线看国产毛片 | 国产成人午夜精品影院观看视频| 91麻豆精品国产91久久久久久久久| 国产精品国产三级国产aⅴ入口 | 老司机午夜精品| 欧美日韩精品三区| 亚洲精品美腿丝袜| 成人99免费视频| 久久九九国产精品|