久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

   

Characteristics of Chinese Gardens


Updated: 2007-08-23 17:20

 

The garden is one of the important types of architectural art. It is essentially aimed at organizing an environment rich in temperament and interest and full of the beauty of artistic conception through the so-called four gardening elements including mountains, rivers, structures and plants, as well as the organic components such as roads, interior settings. In comparison to ordinary structures, the spiritual character of gardens is more outstanding, and it requires that artists have greater and higher ingenuity and imagination.

Compared with other gardening systems of the world, such as European or Islamic, Chinese gardens have their distinct national characteristics:

a. Paying attention to natural beauty. Chinese gardens carry out processing and transformation of the original terrain and land form by following the principle of "making it seem like nature", or seem naturally formed, so as to satisfy people's feeling of getting close to nature.

b. Pursuing many twists and turns. Nature itself is ever-changing and interesting. Chinese horticulturists who emulate nature necessarily pursue changing, free-style composition. It is of a completely different system compared with the Western landscape gardening theory of compels nature to accept the symmetrical rules.

c. Advocating artistic conception. Beautiful environment created by Chinese horticulturists does not stop at the stage of formal beauty, but tries to express inward feeling through outward scenery. Therefore, the ultimate key to the high or low level and success or failure in the creation of Chinese gardens depends on the cultural level, and the high or low level and crudeness or refinement of esthetic temperament and the interest of the creator.

Chinese horticulture began in the Qin Dynasty (1644-1911), and two royal garden construction upsurges occurred during the Qin/Han (221BC-220AD) and Sui/Tang (581-907) dynasties. Private gardens saw great development by men of letters during the Tang and Song dynasties, and entered the peaking stage in the Ming and Qing dynasties (1644-1911). The achievements in gardening during the Qing Dynasty attract greater attention, representing an important component of the third development upsurge in Chinese architecture. Almost all of the existing gardens were preserved during this age. The extant royal gardens are in the vicinity of Beijing, while private gardens of a higher artistic level are mostly 1concentrated in areas south of the Yangtze River. They constitute the two major schools of Chinese gardening.



久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

    国产精品wwwww| 欧美精品一区二区性色a+v| 国内精品国产三级国产aⅴ久| 久久久久久久久久久综合| 男人亚洲天堂网| 好吊色视频988gao在线观看| 中文久久久久久| av免费看网址| 午夜激情视频网| 免费在线观看的毛片| 欧美精品在欧美一区二区| 日韩av在线中文| 熟女性饥渴一区二区三区| 国产在线xxxx| 91手机视频在线| 男女男精品视频站| 日本毛片在线免费观看| 国产亚洲精品久久久久久久| 日韩肉感妇bbwbbwbbw| 欧美久久久久久久久久久久久| 国产高清免费在线| 欧美大片久久久| 免费成人黄色大片| 青青草原av在线播放| 人妻无码久久一区二区三区免费| 黄色a级在线观看| av中文字幕网址| 五月婷婷之综合激情| 日日碰狠狠躁久久躁婷婷| 欧美成人精品免费| 欧美黄色免费网址| 中国老女人av| 男插女免费视频| 视频区 图片区 小说区| 色一情一区二区三区| 婷婷激情四射五月天| 免费看a级黄色片| 99蜜桃臀久久久欧美精品网站| 精品国产av无码一区二区三区| 亚洲小说欧美另类激情| 国产成年人在线观看| 亚洲精品国产一区二区三区| 久久99爱视频| 精品999在线| 波多结衣在线观看| 日本中文字幕高清| 日本999视频| 国产九九在线观看| 老司机久久精品| 一二三级黄色片| 两性午夜免费视频| 国产高清免费在线| 日韩不卡视频一区二区| 99er在线视频| 亚洲人精品午夜射精日韩| 熟女少妇在线视频播放| 一本大道熟女人妻中文字幕在线 | 91视频这里只有精品| 日本美女视频一区| 2025韩国大尺度电影| 欧美日韩视频免费在线观看| av中文字幕av| 久久久久久免费看| 国产aaa一级片| 亚洲国产高清av| www.亚洲自拍| 精品无码av无码免费专区| 中文精品无码中文字幕无码专区| 日韩成人三级视频| 黑人糟蹋人妻hd中文字幕| 欧美黄色性生活| 99精品视频国产| 男人添女人下部视频免费| 精品久久一二三| 91精品无人成人www| 国产农村妇女精品久久| 女人帮男人橹视频播放| 欧美成人精品欧美一级乱| 欧美一级xxxx| 97超碰在线视| 男人透女人免费视频| 日本网站在线看| 成年人午夜视频在线观看| 国产又大又黄又粗的视频| 每日在线更新av| 天天干天天爽天天射| 日本老太婆做爰视频| 成人免费在线小视频| 午夜视频在线网站| 欧美这里只有精品| 日本免费观看网站| 午夜久久久久久久久久久| 九九爱精品视频| 在线播放av中文字幕| 少妇人妻大乳在线视频| 亚欧美在线观看| 国产一区 在线播放| 成人精品小视频| 中文字幕の友人北条麻妃| 人妻内射一区二区在线视频| av动漫免费观看| 激情网站五月天| 可以免费看的黄色网址| 欧美激情精品久久久久久小说| 欧美性受xxxx黑人猛交88| 成年人黄色片视频| 国产 国语对白 露脸| 国产免费人做人爱午夜视频| 国产成人亚洲综合无码| 亚洲36d大奶网| 精品这里只有精品| 992tv成人免费观看| 亚洲天堂av线| 真人抽搐一进一出视频| 在线能看的av网站| 每日在线更新av| www.18av.com| theporn国产精品| 日本三级免费观看| 日韩极品视频在线观看| 国产一区二区在线观看免费视频| 欧美日韩在线中文| 国产性生活免费视频| 亚洲精品中文字幕乱码无线| 成人在线免费播放视频| 久久国产精品网| 国产女主播av| 天天操狠狠操夜夜操| 热久久精品国产| 国产综合中文字幕| 中文字幕精品在线播放| 九九九九九国产| 91极品尤物在线播放国产| 免费在线观看的av网站| 国产精品国产对白熟妇| 成人午夜免费剧场| 婷婷激情小说网| 黄色小视频免费网站| 91国产精品视频在线观看| 成年人视频在线免费| 六月丁香激情网| 成年人午夜视频在线观看| 欧美狂野激情性xxxx在线观| 国产日产欧美一区二区| 黑人巨大国产9丨视频| 香蕉视频在线网址| 黄色片免费网址| 亚洲第一区第二区第三区| 国产精品久久久毛片| 天堂av在线网站| 天天爽人人爽夜夜爽| 日韩高清在线一区二区| 香蕉视频xxxx| 日本高清免费在线视频| 亚洲一区二区三区四区精品| 久久久九九九热| 丰满女人性猛交| 91精产国品一二三产区别沈先生| 爱豆国产剧免费观看大全剧苏畅 | 久久久久久免费看| 久久精品视频16| 国产69精品久久久久久久| 鲁一鲁一鲁一鲁一澡| 免费日韩视频在线观看| 国产淫片av片久久久久久| 亚欧在线免费观看| 亚洲视频第二页| 欧美视频国产视频| 一级黄色录像免费看| 国产91沈先生在线播放| av免费观看大全| 国产一区亚洲二区三区| 美女喷白浆视频| www.51色.com| www国产无套内射com| 女人帮男人橹视频播放| 1024av视频| www欧美激情| 福利网在线观看| 97在线国产视频| 欧美日韩激情视频在线观看| 三级a三级三级三级a十八发禁止| 国产三级精品三级在线| 国产91在线亚洲| 久久久一本二本三本| 手机看片福利日韩| av不卡在线免费观看| 男人添女荫道口女人有什么感觉| 北条麻妃在线视频观看| 四季av一区二区| 亚洲自拍偷拍一区二区三区| 男女啪啪免费视频网站| 亚洲精品一二三四五区| 国产奶头好大揉着好爽视频| 日韩五码在线观看| 亚洲精品自拍网| www.日本三级| 手机在线看福利| 久久综合亚洲精品| 狠狠热免费视频|