雞尾酒會(huì)效應(yīng) cocktail party effect

你身處一場(chǎng)熱鬧的派對(duì)，音樂聲、說笑聲不絕于耳。你和同伴聊天都得喊著說話?？墒?，一旦周圍有人提到你的名字，你立馬就能聽到，似乎周圍的喧鬧都被神秘地屏蔽了。這種情況就叫cocktail party effect（雞尾酒會(huì)效應(yīng)）。

The cocktail party effect (also known as selective attention) is the phenomenon of being able to focus one's auditory attention on a particular stimulus while filtering out a range of other stimuli, much the same way that a partygoer can focus on a single conversation in a noisy room.

雞尾酒會(huì)效應(yīng)（cocktail party effect），也叫選擇性關(guān)注（selective attention），指將自己的聽覺注意力放在某一個(gè)特定的關(guān)注興奮點(diǎn)而將其余的點(diǎn)全部過濾出去的能力，就好像身處熱鬧派對(duì)中的人仍然能夠?qū)Ｗ⒂谝欢螌?duì)話。

This effect is what allows most people to "tune in" to a single voice and "tune out" all others. It may also describe a similar phenomenon that occurs when one can immediately detect words of importance originating from unattended stimuli, for instance hearing one's name in another conversation.

這種效應(yīng)能夠讓多數(shù)人將很多其他無關(guān)的聲音關(guān)掉，只選擇聽自己關(guān)注的那一個(gè)聲音。還有一個(gè)類似的情況是，人們能夠從毫不關(guān)注的興奮點(diǎn)中立即識(shí)別對(duì)自己重要的文字信息。例如，在別人聊天時(shí)聽到自己的名字被提及。

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