久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

您現在的位置: Language Tips> Audio & Video> Special Speed News  
 





 
Petroleum: A short history of black gold
[ 2007-11-23 09:58 ]

 

Download

This is the VOA Special English Economics Report.

With oil around one hundred dollars a barrel, this may be a good time for a short history of petroleum.

Petroleum has been important since ancient times. The Greek historian Herodotus told of its use in the form of pitch for building and road making in the ancient city of Babylon in present-day Iraq.

In Latin, the name means "rock oil." Petroleum is a fossil fuel. The liquid comes from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago. These remains were buried deep below levels of rock over time and under great pressure.

This geological process created complex molecules of hydrogen and carbon. Oil can also contain other elements. Crude oil, or unprocessed petroleum, is called sour when it contains a lot of sulfur, an impurity. Sour crude requires more refining than sweet crude, which is low in sulfur and, as a result, often more valuable.

The modern history of oil started in the middle of the 1800s. At that time, a method was found to make kerosene fuel from petroleum. This kind of fuel became popular for heating and lighting.

Edwin Drake drilled the first oil well in the United States in 1859 near Titusville, Pennsylvania. John D. Rockefeller John D. Rockefeller

In the early 1860s, John D. Rockefeller entered the oil business. Rockefeller and his partners understood the power of controlling all levels of production. By 1870, Rockefeller and his partners formed the Standard Oil Company.

Standard Oil and other companies that it owned performed every level of production -- from drilling to refining to transporting and selling. But in its efforts to grow, Standard Oil was strongly criticized for crushing smaller competitors.

Finally, in 1911, the United States Supreme Court ruled that Standard Oil was misusing its powerful market position. The ruling divided Standard Oil into thirty-four independent companies.

Today, ExxonMobil, ConocoPhillips and Chevron are some of the companies whose roots go back to the breakup of Standard Oil. They are among the largest publicly traded companies in the world.

And that's the VOA Special English Economics Report, written by Mario Ritter. Our history of petroleum continues next week. That includes a look at the history of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, better known as OPEC. Transcripts and MP3 archives of our reports at voaspecialenglish.com. I'm Steve Ember.

(Source: VOA 英語點津姍姍編輯)

 
 
相關文章 Related Stories
 

 

 

 
 

本頻道最新推薦

     
  Petroleum: A short history of black gold
  Bush phones service members on Thanksgiving
  Pilgrims face competition in Thanksgiving lessons
  Growing number of female world leaders emerging
  《百萬美元寶貝》精講之一

論壇熱貼

     
  “重色輕友”怎么說
  求教The Yellow Brick Road 能否翻譯為"康磚大道"?
  How to say 正版軟件?
  請教“80后”怎么說?
  “鐵板燒”=?
  Six ways to stop dwelling on it(e-c)practice




久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

    国产精品久久久久久户外露出| 亚洲黄色免费网站| 高清国产午夜精品久久久久久| 中文天堂在线一区| 一本到三区不卡视频| 亚洲成人综合网站| 精品久久久久久久久久久院品网 | 亚洲欧美精品午睡沙发| 欧美日韩精品专区| 久久se精品一区二区| 中文子幕无线码一区tr| 91免费观看视频在线| 午夜激情久久久| 久久嫩草精品久久久精品| 成人av动漫网站| 亚洲一二三区在线观看| 日韩欧美国产麻豆| av爱爱亚洲一区| 日韩黄色免费电影| 国产露脸91国语对白| 中文字幕一区二| 91精品福利在线一区二区三区| 国产成人aaaa| 亚洲高清不卡在线观看| 国产亚洲精品bt天堂精选| 在线看国产一区| 精品一二三四在线| 亚洲青青青在线视频| 日韩欧美一级片| 99麻豆久久久国产精品免费| 日本vs亚洲vs韩国一区三区| 国产精品久99| 日韩一区二区三区三四区视频在线观看 | 久久精品999| 亚洲欧美日韩系列| 精品毛片乱码1区2区3区| 99国产精品一区| 九一九一国产精品| 一区二区三区欧美在线观看| 精品国产乱码久久| 欧美艳星brazzers| 成人综合在线观看| 免费av网站大全久久| 亚洲精品美腿丝袜| 久久久久成人黄色影片| 欧美日韩三级视频| thepron国产精品| 精品影院一区二区久久久| 亚洲精品水蜜桃| 久久九九国产精品| 欧美一区二区久久| 色妞www精品视频| 国产激情一区二区三区四区| 日本免费在线视频不卡一不卡二| 亚洲天堂网中文字| 国产三级三级三级精品8ⅰ区| 正在播放亚洲一区| 在线观看一区二区精品视频| 成人免费高清在线| 狠狠色综合日日| 青青草精品视频| 亚洲午夜一区二区三区| 亚洲特黄一级片| 国产精品青草久久| 欧美精品一区二区精品网| 欧美精品第1页| 在线观看一区日韩| 91视视频在线观看入口直接观看www | 亚洲成av人片在www色猫咪| 成人欧美一区二区三区白人 | 亚洲成年人影院| 亚洲婷婷在线视频| 欧美激情一区不卡| 国产校园另类小说区| 日韩欧美精品在线视频| 欧美日韩国产一级二级| 99精品久久只有精品| 成人免费看的视频| 国产成人免费视频网站| 国产一区在线看| 日本va欧美va精品| 天天综合网天天综合色| 亚洲成人一区在线| 亚洲国产精品综合小说图片区| 一区二区三区在线免费观看| 亚洲黄色av一区| 亚洲精品水蜜桃| 亚洲黄色免费电影| 樱花草国产18久久久久| 亚洲欧美日韩一区| 亚洲精品国产无天堂网2021| 亚洲精品成人悠悠色影视| 亚洲精品一卡二卡| 夜夜亚洲天天久久| 亚洲午夜视频在线| 亚洲成人激情社区| 香蕉乱码成人久久天堂爱免费| 亚洲国产精品一区二区尤物区| 亚洲国产精品视频| 日日夜夜精品免费视频| 日本欧美韩国一区三区| 久久国产精品区| 国内精品写真在线观看| 国产高清精品在线| 成人福利视频在线看| 99视频一区二区三区| 91网站最新网址| 欧美视频一区二区在线观看| 欧美日韩一卡二卡| 91精品国产综合久久蜜臀| 日韩一区二区在线观看视频| 一区二区三区国产豹纹内裤在线| 亚洲三级小视频| 亚洲已满18点击进入久久| 亚洲成人动漫精品| 美女视频一区二区| 国内精品久久久久影院色 | 在线成人高清不卡| 日韩一二三四区| 欧美精品一区二区三区四区| 国产调教视频一区| 专区另类欧美日韩| 亚洲成a人片在线不卡一二三区| 免费美女久久99| 国产精品一区不卡| 91影院在线观看| 欧美男男青年gay1069videost| 欧美一级在线观看| 欧美激情在线观看视频免费| 亚洲乱码日产精品bd| 日韩二区三区四区| 国产美女主播视频一区| av高清不卡在线| 欧美人xxxx| 久久影院午夜论| 亚洲欧洲韩国日本视频| 午夜国产精品一区| 国产一区在线不卡| 91丨porny丨国产入口| 91麻豆精品国产91久久久| 久久色视频免费观看| 亚洲人123区| 乱中年女人伦av一区二区| 成人午夜电影网站| 欧美日韩在线播放三区| 久久久综合视频| 亚洲精品久久久久久国产精华液| 蜜臀久久99精品久久久久久9 | 日本免费新一区视频| 丁香婷婷深情五月亚洲| 欧美日韩视频在线一区二区| 久久综合九色欧美综合狠狠| 亚洲欧美国产三级| 蜜桃91丨九色丨蝌蚪91桃色| 成人av在线网站| 欧美一级理论片| 中文字幕一区日韩精品欧美| 偷偷要91色婷婷| 成人免费视频一区二区| 欧美日韩一二区| 欧美韩国一区二区| 日本伊人午夜精品| av电影一区二区| 精品毛片乱码1区2区3区| 一区二区日韩av| 国产成人av自拍| 欧美一区二区三区免费在线看| 国产精品久久夜| 美女爽到高潮91| 日本精品免费观看高清观看| 久久综合久色欧美综合狠狠| 亚洲永久精品国产| 国产高清在线观看免费不卡| 8x8x8国产精品| 亚洲色图.com| 国产毛片一区二区| 欧美群妇大交群中文字幕| 国产精品久久久久久户外露出| 久久aⅴ国产欧美74aaa| 91官网在线免费观看| 国产亚洲一区二区三区在线观看| 日韩国产在线观看一区| 91在线国产福利| 久久久亚洲午夜电影| 日韩国产在线观看一区| 一本久久a久久精品亚洲| 欧美国产国产综合| 久久超碰97人人做人人爱| 欧美日本在线视频| 亚洲欧美偷拍卡通变态| 丰满少妇久久久久久久| 欧美成人高清电影在线| 亚洲国产精品一区二区www| 91在线观看一区二区| 国产亚洲一本大道中文在线| 久久不见久久见免费视频1| 欧美乱妇15p| 亚洲高清视频在线| 色天天综合久久久久综合片| 欧美激情中文字幕|