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Now, the VOA Special English program WORDS AND THEIR STORIES.
A listener from Venezuela sent us a question about the meaning of the expression mayday. He wrote that he often hears this expression in movies.
Mayday is an emergency code word. It is used around the world in voice communications. You might see a war movie in which an airplane has been hit by rocket fire. The pilot gets on his radio and calls "mayday, mayday, mayday" to tell that his plane is in danger of crashing to the ground.
Mayday has nothing to do with the month of May. It comes from the French expressions "venez m'aider," or "m'aidez," which mean "help me."
Frederick Stanley Mockford created the mayday call signal in the 1920s. Mockford was a radio officer at Croydon Airport in London. He was asked to think of a word that could be used in an emergency. The word had to be easily understood by all pilots and airport workers. Much of the air traffic at that time was between Croydon Airport and Le Bourget Airport near Paris, France. So he proposed the word mayday.
Today, many groups use the word to mean a life-threatening emergency. The call is always given three times to prevent mistaking it for some similar sounding words.
Many other French words are commonly used in English. One of these words is even in the Special English Word Book. It is sabotage. It means to damage or destroy as an act of subversion against an organization or nation.
You may have heard the term laissez-faire to describe a kind of economic or political policy. It means to leave alone and not interfere. It was first used in France in the 18th century.
In the business world, entrepreneur is another French word. It means a person who starts and operates a new business and has responsibility for any risks involved.
Many French words are used in the arts. For example, a film noir is a movie about murder and other crimes. These films were popular in the 1940s and 1950s. Anything in art, music or literature which is very modern or ahead of its time is called avant-garde.
If you are looking for a job, you must prepare your résumé. This document lists all of your education, skills and experience. Something that is one of a kind and like no other thing is called unique.
The French are famous for their food. All cooks need to know how to sauté. This is frying something quickly in a small amount of oil or butter. When you are eating at a restaurant, the server may tell you bon appétit, which means good appetite, or enjoy your meal. And if you go away, someone may wish you bon voyage or have a good trip.
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This program was written by Shelley Gollust. I'm Faith Lapidus. You can find more WORDS AND THEIR STORIES at our Web site, voaspecialenglish.com.
mayday: 船只或飛行器遇險(xiǎn)時(shí)用的國際無線電求救信號
sabotage: the act of doing deliberate damage to equipment, transport, machines, etc. to prevent an enemy from using them or to protest about something（為防止敵方利用或?yàn)楸硎究棺h而進(jìn)行的）蓄意破壞，陰謀破壞
laissez-faire: the policy of allowing private businesses to develop without government control （政府對私有商業(yè)的）自由放任政策
film noir: a style of making films/movies in which there are strong feelings of fear or evil; films/movies made in this style （充滿恐懼、邪惡等色彩的）黑色電影
sauté: to fry food quickly in a little hot fat 嫩煎；炒
bon appétit: 祝你好胃口！
bon voyage: 一路順風(fēng)!
Words and their stories: nicknames for Philadelphia and Boston
Words and their stories: nicknames for Cleveland and Detroit
Words and their stories: hold your horses!
（來源：VOA 編輯：陳丹妮）
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