久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

English 中文網 漫畫網 愛新聞iNews 翻譯論壇
中國網站品牌欄目(頻道)
當前位置: Language Tips> Audio & Video> 新聞播報> Special Speed News VOA慢速

Art by Japanese-American detainees during World War Two shows their struggle and humanity

[ 2010-05-19 14:31]     字號 [] [] []  
免費訂閱30天China Daily雙語新聞手機報:移動用戶編輯短信CD至106580009009

Art by Japanese-American detainees during World War Two shows their struggle and humanity

STEVE EMBER: I'm Steve Ember.

BARBARA KLEIN: And I'm Barbara Klein with EXPLORATIONS in VOA Special English. Visitors to Washington, D.C. this summer can see a powerful exhibit that tells about a dark period in American history. The exhibit at the Smithsonian's Renwick Gallery is called "The Art of Gaman: Arts and Crafts from the Japanese American Internment Camps 1942-1946." It shows more than 100 objects made by Japanese-Americans.

They were forced into internment camps by the United States government during World War Two. The objects made by these detainees helped to brighten their lives during a difficult period. And, they show the strength of the human spirit in surviving terrible conditions.

(MUSIC)

STEVE EMBER: To understand the meaning of this exhibit, we start with a little history. In the spring of 1942, the United States government began carrying out an executive order to imprison Japanese-Americans living on the West Coast. About 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry were forced to leave their homes and businesses. They were moved to ten rural detention centers, mainly in western states. Two-thirds of these people were American-born citizens. The government described the action as a military necessity to protect against spying or sabotage while the United States was at war with Japan.

BARBARA KLEIN: The internment program was a reaction to the Japanese bombing of the American naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. This event in December, 1941 resulted in the United States' entry into World War Two.

But experts say the idea to create internment camps was also rooted in a general prejudice towards Japanese immigrants that started long before the war.

The government did not give Japanese-Americans much time to go to resettlement centers. They were forced to leave behind most of what they owned. For the first months, detainees were forced to live in temporary housing at "assembly centers." During this time, the United States military built more permanent detention centers. Japanese-Americans would be forced to live there until 1945 when the war ended.

(MUSIC)

STEVE EMBER: One of the first objects in the "Art of Gaman" exhibit is a painting of a severe mountain landscape. At the base of these mountains is a detailed drawing of an internment camp. It is filled with small houses and surrounded by metal fences and guard towers.

The unidentified artist lived in this camp, the Tule Lake detention center in northern California. He did not have art supplies to make drawings. So he taped together two military command notices and drew on the back. This work is a good example of the inventive and creative ways that detainees found materials to make their art.

BARBARA KLEIN: Delphine Hirasuna organized the "Art of Gaman" exhibit. It is based on her book of the same name. She describes how she got the idea.

DELPHINE HIRASUNA: "After my mom died, I was going through a box in the garage and when I looked inside, I saw this little bird pin."

BARBARA KLEIN: Delphine Hirasuna says she never heard her parents discuss their life in detention. In 2000, she found the bird pin carved out of wood. She started to wonder what other artistic objects had been made in the camps. She wanted to know more about the objects that had been put aside and forgotten because of their painful memories.

STEVE EMBER: Delphine Hirasuna says she began to understand that the objects made in the camps were representations of "gaman." This Japanese word expresses the idea of accepting a difficult situation with bravery and honor. The detainees made the objects to express themselves artistically and do something worthwhile with their time. Many of the objects in the exhibit were made to be useful as well as beautiful.

DELPHINE HIRASUNA: "Because the only thing that was in their barrack was a metal cot and mattress ticking which they filled with straw. The first things they made were chairs, tables, someplace to put their clothes away. And then because they were there for three and a half years, as time wore on, they made things to beautify their surroundings."

Art by Japanese-American detainees during World War Two shows their struggle and humanity

BARBARA KLEIN: One example is a table made of pieces of found wood. The artist used pieces of palm tree branches to give the table nice details. Other objects made from found materials include a board for washing clothes and a set of scissors and knives. There were few tools in the camps, so some men melted pieces of metal to make tools.

The detainees were extremely inventive about finding materials. In some camps, they were permitted to explore the land to find natural materials.

DELPHINE HIRASUNA: "Two of the camps were over ancient sea beds. And they discovered that there were millions of shells on the ground. You could just scratch the earth and they said you could pick up buckets. There was a slate quarry at one of the camps. People picked up slate and carved the teapots and things."

Art by Japanese-American detainees during World War Two shows their struggle and humanity

STEVE EMBER: A glass case in the exhibit holds a collection of pins that people wore on the front of their clothing. They look like flowers, until you look more closely. Detainees in two of the camps made them with small shells that they painted to look like flower arrangements. There were no real flowers for detainees to use in ceremonies like funerals and weddings. So, they would make their own flowers.

At another camp, detainees used different colored pipe cleaners to make large flower arrangements.

One extremely detailed container for holding cigarettes is woven out of an unusual material. The artist tied together pieces of string from a bag that was made to hold onions.

BARBARA KLEIN: Professionally trained artists made some of the works in the exhibit. For example, Sadayuki Uno had studied at the California College of Arts and Crafts. During the war, he was detained in Jerome, Arkansas. In the camp, he carved objects out of wood. He made four small carvings that looked like the faces of four leaders during World War Two: Benito Mussolini, Josef Stalin, Adolph Hitler and Winston Churchill. These carvings are very expressive and lively.

STEVE EMBER: Before the war, Chiura Obata was an art professor at the University of California, Berkeley. Mr. Obata helped start an arts program for detainees in his camp. He found other professional artists at the camp to help teach. Mr. Obata also kept a detailed record in his drawing book. The drawings show what life was like during the forced move and detainment of Japanese-Americans.

Several of his sketches are in the exhibit. One shows Mr. Obata's wife, Haruko, sitting on the train that took them from a temporary camp to their long-term camp in Topaz, Utah. Another drawing shows an old man bent over, trying to reach for a small dog near a metal fence. The old man was unable to hear, so when prison guards warned him to halt, he did not stop. The guards shot the man because they believed he was trying to escape.

(MUSIC)

BARBARA KLEIN: Jewel Okawachi's parents were also detained during the war. Her father made dental devices during his detainment. She says people in the camps gave him the objects they had made as payment for his services. She kept the shell jewelry, bird pins and carved objects her parents collected over the years.

Miz Okawachi does not know the identity of the artists who created the objects. But she says she believes they would be happy to learn their work was on exhibit. And she says "The Art of Gaman" pays a welcome honor to her parents.

JEWEL OKAWACHI: "The only time I feel bitter is what it did to my parents. Because they came to this country for freedom and to make a better life for themselves and then this happened."

BARBARA KLEIN: She says many people would ask her father why he was not an American citizen, but he would never answer the question.

JEWEL OKAWACHI: "Having your freedom taken away from you is really something that is hard to forget."

STEVE EMBER: No Japanese in the United States was ever found guilty of sabotage or treason during World War Two. But, it took more than 40 years for the United States government to officially apologize for its actions. This apology resulted from a campaign organized by the Japanese-American community.

In 1988 the United States passed a law admitting the injustice. The act also gave each surviving victim of internment 20,000 dollars.

Delphine Hirasuna says in her book that her aim has been to honor the experience of Japanese-Americans in the camps. She says the objects in this exhibit show their strong will and resourcefulness as well as their spirit and humanity.

BARBARA KLEIN: This program was written and produced by Dana Demange with reporting by Susan Logue. I'm Barbara Klein.

STEVE EMBER: And I'm Steve Ember. You can comment on this program on our website, voaspecialenglish.com. Join us again next week for EXPLORATIONS in VOA Special English.

Related stories:

Guitar heroes, before anyone even heard of a video game

Crime and Punishment

Events set around the world as Earth Day turns 40

Self-taught artists create powerful and unusual works

(來源:VOA 編輯:陳丹妮)

 
中國日報網英語點津版權說明:凡注明來源為“中國日報網英語點津:XXX(署名)”的原創作品,除與中國日報網簽署英語點津內容授權協議的網站外,其他任何網站或單位未經允許不得非法盜鏈、轉載和使用,違者必究。如需使用,請與010-84883631聯系;凡本網注明“來源:XXX(非英語點津)”的作品,均轉載自其它媒體,目的在于傳播更多信息,其他媒體如需轉載,請與稿件來源方聯系,如產生任何問題與本網無關;本網所發布的歌曲、電影片段,版權歸原作者所有,僅供學習與研究,如果侵權,請提供版權證明,以便盡快刪除。
 

關注和訂閱

人氣排行

翻譯服務

中國日報網翻譯工作室

我們提供:媒體、文化、財經法律等專業領域的中英互譯服務
電話:010-84883468
郵件:translate@chinadaily.com.cn
 
 
久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

    久久久91精品国产一区二区三区| 91精品国产欧美日韩| 最新日韩av在线| 97精品超碰一区二区三区| 亚洲综合一区二区三区| 777亚洲妇女| 国产在线视频精品一区| 国产精品成人免费| 欧美视频自拍偷拍| 日韩精品欧美精品| 欧美极品少妇xxxxⅹ高跟鞋 | 国产福利一区二区三区| 亚洲图片欧美激情| 欧美高清dvd| 国产福利一区在线| 亚洲线精品一区二区三区| 日韩手机在线导航| 不卡的电影网站| 亚洲777理论| 国产亚洲欧美日韩日本| 在线观看国产一区二区| 精品中文字幕一区二区| 亚洲品质自拍视频| 国产精品嫩草99a| 色婷婷国产精品| 蜜桃av一区二区| 国产精品三级av在线播放| 欧美性大战久久久久久久蜜臀| 久久99精品国产| 亚洲黄色录像片| 久久亚洲影视婷婷| 在线亚洲免费视频| 国产一区二区三区高清播放| 亚洲另类一区二区| 欧美精品一区二| 欧美在线一区二区| 国产一二精品视频| 亚洲国产一区二区三区青草影视| 精品成人一区二区| 欧美私人免费视频| 成人午夜视频福利| 美日韩一区二区三区| 樱花影视一区二区| 国产色婷婷亚洲99精品小说| 欧美精品99久久久**| 97久久人人超碰| 国产一区在线精品| 亚洲1区2区3区视频| 中文字幕亚洲成人| 久久在线免费观看| 欧美高清你懂得| 色呦呦一区二区三区| 国产不卡视频在线观看| 免费欧美日韩国产三级电影| 一区二区成人在线| 中文字幕在线观看一区| 精品黑人一区二区三区久久| 粉嫩久久99精品久久久久久夜| 欧美人牲a欧美精品| 风间由美一区二区三区在线观看 | 国产色产综合色产在线视频| 欧美一区二区在线视频| 91麻豆国产香蕉久久精品| 国产精品911| 美腿丝袜亚洲一区| 视频一区视频二区中文| 亚洲黄色片在线观看| 中文字幕在线播放不卡一区| 久久免费午夜影院| 日韩欧美国产午夜精品| 欧美日韩成人综合| 在线欧美小视频| 99久久99久久久精品齐齐| 国产麻豆精品在线观看| 麻豆国产欧美日韩综合精品二区 | 日韩视频永久免费| 欧美男女性生活在线直播观看| 99re这里只有精品视频首页| 成人综合激情网| 国产福利一区二区| 国产伦理精品不卡| 国产在线不卡一区| 激情深爱一区二区| 老司机午夜精品| 美国三级日本三级久久99| 日韩国产一区二| 天堂成人免费av电影一区| 亚洲午夜久久久久| 亚洲午夜久久久久久久久电影网| 亚洲国产精品久久久男人的天堂| 中文字幕在线一区| 国产精品视频一二三| 国产香蕉久久精品综合网| 久久人人97超碰com| 26uuu另类欧美亚洲曰本| 亚洲精品一区二区三区蜜桃下载 | 日本一区二区三级电影在线观看 | 亚洲1区2区3区4区| 午夜精品福利一区二区蜜股av | 美女www一区二区| 麻豆精品久久久| 精品一区二区三区av| 国模大尺度一区二区三区| 国产一区二区按摩在线观看| 国产激情一区二区三区四区| 国产成人精品免费网站| 成人午夜在线免费| 97se亚洲国产综合在线| 日本丰满少妇一区二区三区| 欧美丝袜自拍制服另类| 555夜色666亚洲国产免| 欧美成人国产一区二区| 久久久精品中文字幕麻豆发布| 国产亚洲成aⅴ人片在线观看| 亚洲国产精品99久久久久久久久| 国产精品免费网站在线观看| 亚洲精品自拍动漫在线| 亚洲国产综合91精品麻豆| 日韩av网站免费在线| 久久精品免费看| 国产精品夫妻自拍| 欧美性受xxxx| 91麻豆精品国产| 精品入口麻豆88视频| 久久精品免视看| ...av二区三区久久精品| 亚洲图片欧美一区| 久久不见久久见免费视频1| 高清不卡在线观看av| 一本色道**综合亚洲精品蜜桃冫| 欧美性受xxxx黑人xyx性爽| 日韩一区二区三区高清免费看看| 久久久精品人体av艺术| 亚洲日本在线看| 日韩国产在线观看| 国产成人超碰人人澡人人澡| 色94色欧美sute亚洲线路二| 日韩一区二区在线看| 国产日韩亚洲欧美综合| 一区二区三区色| 免费日本视频一区| 成人国产视频在线观看| 欧美三电影在线| 久久免费午夜影院| 亚洲在线一区二区三区| 久久99国产乱子伦精品免费| 不卡欧美aaaaa| 欧美一区二区三区成人| 欧美经典一区二区三区| 亚洲妇熟xx妇色黄| 国产在线不卡视频| 在线亚洲精品福利网址导航| 欧美精品一区二区蜜臀亚洲| 亚洲欧美成aⅴ人在线观看| 美女网站一区二区| 91麻豆.com| 精品精品欲导航| 亚洲激情av在线| 国产麻豆91精品| 欧美日韩国产123区| 欧美激情一区二区三区不卡| 午夜电影久久久| 成人国产精品视频| 日韩视频免费直播| 欧美精品tushy高清| 国产视频911| 午夜a成v人精品| 成人av先锋影音| 欧美一二三区精品| 亚洲免费观看高清| 国产精品综合一区二区| 欧美丝袜丝交足nylons图片| 国产欧美一区二区精品秋霞影院| 午夜精品影院在线观看| www.日韩精品| 精品欧美一区二区三区精品久久| 一区二区三区美女视频| 国产成都精品91一区二区三| 6080午夜不卡| 一区二区久久久久久| 国产精品资源在线| 欧美一区二区三区四区高清 | 一个色综合av| 成人永久aaa| 久久综合国产精品| 日韩激情一二三区| 91久久线看在观草草青青| 国产日韩欧美制服另类| 裸体在线国模精品偷拍| 欧美日韩一区二区三区在线| 最新不卡av在线| 国产激情一区二区三区| 欧美成人精品福利| 日韩激情一二三区| 欧美性一级生活| 亚洲欧美激情一区二区| 成人h动漫精品一区二区| 久久九九99视频| 狠狠色丁香久久婷婷综合丁香| 欧美电影一区二区|