久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

English 中文網 漫畫網 愛新聞iNews 翻譯論壇
中國網站品牌欄目(頻道)
當前位置: Language Tips > Normal Speed News VOA常速

HIV superinfections appear common

[ 2012-06-13 16:29]     字號 [] [] []  
免費訂閱30天China Daily雙語新聞手機報:移動用戶編輯短信CD至106580009009

They're called HIV "superinfections" and a study indicates they're much more common than first thought. Researchers say this raises concerns about possible resistance to treatment and may require new approaches to AIDS vaccine research.

Dr. Andrew Redd said there are HIV infections and then there are superinfections.

HIV superinfections appear common

"A superinfection occurs when an individual is initially infected with a strain or strains of HIV. And then at some point later on – after that person has developed an initial immune response to their first infecting strain – at that later time point they come into contact through risky behavior with a second viral strain and then are superinfected with that second strain," he said.

Redd is the lead author of the study and a scientist at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. He said prior to the research done in Uganda it was thought that superinfections were rare, occurring in intravenous drug users or men who have sex with men. Not so.

"What we found in our study was that when we looked at a general population of heterosexual individuals in Uganda we found that it actually isn't as rare as what we thought. And that it is occurring at a significant rate even in the general population," he said.

So how does a person become superinfected? Well, it has to do in part with where you are and what HIV subtypes are prevalent.

"There's geographic separation between what we call the HIV subtypes, or clades. One of the interesting things about where we work in Uganda is it is at sort of the crossroads of two of those clades. The clades are labeled and named by letter – A, B, C, D. And in Uganda, we have subtype A and subtype D," said Redd.

Continued risky behavior after initial infection could lead to infection by another subtype of HIV. Current testing methods will confirm whether a person is HIV positive. But they cannot determine what HIV subtypes caused the infection. For that, the researchers need what's called "viral sequencing" -- an in-depth, complicated look at the viral DNA.

Left untreated, superinfection could lead to an accelerated progression of HIV/AIDS. Redd says, though, that standard antiretroviral treatment should be effective against superinfections.

"We have no evidence so far and we don't think that HIV superinfection affects the response to treatment. From what we can tell, individuals who get superinfected respond to treatment just fine and it lowers their viral load and they get healthier. One of the things that we're worried about, though, if the possibility that an individual could get superinfected with a viral strain that is already resistant to the antiretroviral drugs and that would be a major problem. But to date that doesn't seem to be a huge risk so far," said Redd.

Superinfections could also affect how HIV vaccine research is conducted. For example, there are individuals who are at risk of HIV superinfection but do not become superinfected. They are somehow protected.

He said, "One question would be what natural immune response to their initial infection is protecting them from the superinfection. And if we can figure that out that may give us a very interesting avenue to pursue for HIV vaccine research."

Redd added that current HIV vaccine strategies that try to "recreate the natural immune response may be insufficient to protect an individual from infection."

superinfection: 雙重感染

Related stories:

US considers approving drug to prevent HIV

Campaign aims to help end childhood HIV infections

New studies on HIV treatment as prevention

Better treatment for HIV-positive pregnant women

(來源:VOA 編輯:旭燕)

 
中國日報網英語點津版權說明:凡注明來源為“中國日報網英語點津:XXX(署名)”的原創作品,除與中國日報網簽署英語點津內容授權協議的網站外,其他任何網站或單位未經允許不得非法盜鏈、轉載和使用,違者必究。如需使用,請與010-84883631聯系;凡本網注明“來源:XXX(非英語點津)”的作品,均轉載自其它媒體,目的在于傳播更多信息,其他媒體如需轉載,請與稿件來源方聯系,如產生任何問題與本網無關;本網所發布的歌曲、電影片段,版權歸原作者所有,僅供學習與研究,如果侵權,請提供版權證明,以便盡快刪除。
 

關注和訂閱

人氣排行

翻譯服務

中國日報網翻譯工作室

我們提供:媒體、文化、財經法律等專業領域的中英互譯服務
電話:010-84883468
郵件:translate@chinadaily.com.cn
 
 
久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

    欧美男生操女生| 久久先锋影音av| 日韩国产精品久久久久久亚洲| 欧美日韩和欧美的一区二区| 三级不卡在线观看| 26uuu精品一区二区三区四区在线| 国产精品资源网| 亚洲女子a中天字幕| 精品视频123区在线观看| 久久99精品国产麻豆婷婷洗澡| 国产亚洲欧洲一区高清在线观看| www.亚洲在线| 亚洲chinese男男1069| 欧美成人bangbros| www.一区二区| 日本不卡一区二区| 国产精品热久久久久夜色精品三区 | 欧美国产精品一区二区| 欧洲中文字幕精品| 精品系列免费在线观看| 1区2区3区国产精品| 欧美剧情电影在线观看完整版免费励志电影| 日本韩国欧美一区| 日本美女一区二区三区| 中文字幕av一区二区三区免费看| 欧美在线观看视频一区二区三区| 久久国产精品区| 亚洲日本在线a| 日韩精品一区二区三区视频播放 | 亚洲成a人v欧美综合天堂| 欧美va亚洲va香蕉在线| 91丝袜国产在线播放| 蜜臀久久99精品久久久久久9| 国产精品乱人伦| 91精品国产手机| 99精品视频一区| 美女网站视频久久| 一区二区成人在线视频| 国产调教视频一区| 欧美久久久一区| av一区二区不卡| 美女性感视频久久| 亚洲资源中文字幕| 中文字幕第一页久久| 777午夜精品视频在线播放| 99久久精品免费观看| 久国产精品韩国三级视频| 最近日韩中文字幕| 欧美精品一区二区精品网| 欧美日韩精品一区二区三区| 成人三级在线视频| 蜜桃91丨九色丨蝌蚪91桃色| 亚洲另类春色校园小说| 国产日韩成人精品| 日韩欧美色电影| 欧美综合在线视频| 成人sese在线| 国产毛片精品一区| 美国十次综合导航| 亚洲成人资源在线| 亚洲欧美乱综合| 国产精品短视频| 国产无遮挡一区二区三区毛片日本| 91精品国产乱| 欧美撒尿777hd撒尿| 97久久超碰精品国产| 国产一区高清在线| 免费看日韩精品| 午夜精品福利久久久| 亚洲另类在线制服丝袜| 国产精品灌醉下药二区| 国产丝袜欧美中文另类| 欧美va天堂va视频va在线| 欧美久久高跟鞋激| 欧美亚洲动漫另类| 一本色道久久综合亚洲91| 99热在这里有精品免费| 岛国一区二区在线观看| 国产精品亚洲视频| 国产一区二区美女诱惑| 玖玖九九国产精品| 青娱乐精品在线视频| 日韩经典中文字幕一区| 亚洲成av人片一区二区三区| 一区二区三区日本| 亚洲精品一卡二卡| 亚洲日本在线a| 亚洲欧美电影院| 一区二区三区资源| 一区二区三区免费观看| 亚洲狼人国产精品| 一区二区成人在线| 亚洲最大色网站| 一区二区三区av电影| 亚洲永久免费视频| 91小视频在线观看| 成人少妇影院yyyy| www.激情成人| 色哟哟精品一区| 欧洲国产伦久久久久久久| 一本在线高清不卡dvd| 91香蕉视频mp4| 91福利社在线观看| 欧美色国产精品| 欧美肥妇free| 日韩亚洲欧美高清| 精品欧美一区二区久久| 精品日韩在线观看| 久久久亚洲综合| 国产精品乱码久久久久久| 国产精品久久久久影院色老大 | 国产精品传媒在线| 亚洲精品成人在线| 亚洲国产精品一区二区久久| 亚洲va欧美va人人爽| 天堂一区二区在线免费观看| 青草国产精品久久久久久| 久久成人久久爱| 国产一区二区毛片| 99久久精品国产网站| 91福利在线看| 欧美一区二区三区在线观看| 日韩精品中文字幕一区二区三区| 2020国产精品| 国产精品精品国产色婷婷| 一区二区三区日韩在线观看| 日韩和的一区二区| 韩国v欧美v日本v亚洲v| 成人h动漫精品一区二区| 色综合一个色综合| 欧美老年两性高潮| 久久久国产综合精品女国产盗摄| 国产精品国产三级国产普通话蜜臀| 一区二区三区在线影院| 日本欧美在线观看| 国产成a人亚洲精| 日本高清视频一区二区| 日韩一区二区免费在线观看| 国产欧美一区二区三区在线看蜜臀 | 久久9热精品视频| 国产91丝袜在线播放九色| 在线区一区二视频| 日韩美一区二区三区| 中文字幕av一区二区三区免费看 | 韩国成人在线视频| 99精品久久99久久久久| 欧美精品日日鲁夜夜添| 国产欧美一区二区精品秋霞影院| 一区二区三区中文字幕精品精品| 美女免费视频一区二区| caoporn国产精品| 欧美一区二区在线不卡| 欧美国产激情一区二区三区蜜月| 亚洲国产成人精品视频| 国产在线精品一区二区三区不卡| 91网站最新网址| 欧美成人三级电影在线| 亚洲天堂av一区| 久久激五月天综合精品| 色网站国产精品| 精品国内二区三区| 一区二区三区国产| 国产福利一区二区三区在线视频| 欧美亚洲动漫另类| 日本一区二区三区高清不卡| 午夜精品国产更新| 成人av在线观| 精品国产一区二区三区忘忧草| 亚洲狠狠丁香婷婷综合久久久| 国产一区二区三区在线观看精品 | 欧美成人官网二区| 亚洲精品视频在线观看网站| 欧美tickling挠脚心丨vk| 综合久久国产九一剧情麻豆| 老司机精品视频导航| 91极品视觉盛宴| 中文字幕免费一区| 美女脱光内衣内裤视频久久网站| 色欧美片视频在线观看| 久久综合九色综合97_久久久| 亚洲国产精品精华液网站 | 亚洲第一在线综合网站| 国产乱码字幕精品高清av | 亚洲欧美一区二区久久 | 欧美一区二区三区四区在线观看 | eeuss鲁片一区二区三区在线观看| 日韩欧美国产综合一区 | 国产无遮挡一区二区三区毛片日本| 午夜电影久久久| 91视频免费看| 中文字幕的久久| 国产一区亚洲一区| 欧美一区二区三区精品| 亚洲一区二区三区四区在线观看| 成人免费毛片高清视频| 精品三级在线看| 日韩电影免费在线观看网站| 日本道精品一区二区三区| 国产精品热久久久久夜色精品三区| 国内久久婷婷综合|