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德國(guó)是全球領(lǐng)先的工業(yè)出口國(guó)之一，長(zhǎng)期向世界各地輸出工藝精湛的汽車、機(jī)械設(shè)備等工業(yè)制品。如今，失業(yè)率攀升使德國(guó)又添一種“出口產(chǎn)品”。德國(guó)政府正在出資贊助安置費(fèi)、路費(fèi)、培訓(xùn)費(fèi)等，幫助本國(guó)失業(yè)人員實(shí)現(xiàn)海外“再就業(yè)”。
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People line up at an employment centre in Berlin in this April 1, 2008. [File/Agencies]
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Germany, the world's leading export nation, has long been successful in shipping its state-of-the-art cars and machinery to just about every country.
Now, after importing workers for decades, it has a new entry on its export lists - jobless Germans.
Plagued by high unemployment due to the turmoil of re-unification and rigid labor laws, Germany has been helping its skilled and less-skilled jobless workers match up with foreign employers searching for manpower.
The country has also been offering financial support to cover moving and transportation costs for the hordes of unemployed Germans in search of jobs across the European Union, and even as far away as Australia and Canada.
As an example of how it works: a newspaper on the Canary island of Fuerteventura was recently filled with adverts placed by Germans hunting for jobs.
"German seeks job in hotels or tourism," read one. "All relocation and travel costs paid for by German Labor Office."
Germany had an unemployment rate of 8 percent in February, about one percentage point higher than the Eurozone average: 3.6 million people are without jobs and more than 155,000 Germans emigrate each year.
Many thousands have been helped by the Labor Office's International Placement Service (ZAV) in Bonn, which offers to some "Mobilitaetshilfe" (mobility assistance) or a "Mobilitaetspraemie" (mobility bonus).
The funding, known as the "Mobi", helps cover moving and travel costs for jobless Germans and their families. It is discretionary and aimed at those with job prospects abroad, although it is also available for relocations inside Germany.
"The mobility assistance benefits can be used for moves to anywhere in the world," said Sabine Seidler, spokeswoman for the International Placement Service (ZAV) in Bonn.
"They're granted on a case-by-case basis and there's no upper limit on the sum involved. Applicants usually must have a contract and meet certain criteria. The main purpose is to help those who've lost their jobs find work as quickly as possible."
Neither the Federal Labor Office nor the ZAV could quantify the total cost or impact of the scheme because grants are administered by nearly 200 regional offices.
Officials at the European Commission in Brussels and in Bonn said they were unaware any of other EU country offering such help for moves abroad. In Austria, unemployed people can receive a one-off payment of up to 4,632 euros ($7,336) for relocation costs for a job within Austria.
In France a previous government discussed but discarded plans to help cover relocation costs inside France. But in many other countries such as Denmark, where unemployment is low, there is no relocation support of any kind.
In Germany, the assistance is controversial. Economists and industry leaders say paying people to leave a country with a shrinking population and one of the lowest birth rates in the world is a recipe for disaster.
Shortages of skilled labor are now acute in industries such as engineering and carmaking but also loom in sectors such as retail, health care and finance, while "depopulation" has become an explosive issue in some areas, especially the former East Germany.
The Labor Office also spends heavily training jobless Germans to work abroad - including offering language courses.
（Agencies/China Daily）
(英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津Celene編輯)
