(2) Entrenched racism

Racism is an indelible blot?on democracy in the US. While advocating "all men are created equal", the founding fathers of the US left the institution of slavery untouched in the Constitution?of 1789. Today, although racial segregation has been ostensibly abolished in the US, white supremacy is still rife and rampant across the country. Discrimination against Black Americans and other racial minorities remains a systemic phenomenon.

American society has experienced relapses of its malaise of racial discrimination from time to time. On 25 May 2020, George Floyd, a Black?American, lost his life in Minnesota because of law enforcement violence by the police. "I can't breathe"?—?Floyd's desperate plea for life before his death?—?sparked public outrage. Afterwards, protests and demonstrations erupted in about 100 cities across the 50 states of America, demanding justice for Floyd and protesting against racial discrimination. The demonstrations continued more than 100 days after the incident.

What happened to George Floyd is merely an epitome of the tragic plight of Black Americans over the past centuries. Sandra Shullman, Past President of?the American Psychological Association,?says that?America is in "a racism pandemic". The dream of civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. remains unrealized.?According to an editorial of?The Indian Express, a mainstream newspaper of India, American racism has endured, subverting the country's deepest democratic institutions in the process.

In February 2021, Stanford News, a website of Stanford University,?carried?an article examining systemic racism in the US. The article?suggests?that in education, youth of color are more likely to be closely watched; in the criminal justice system, people of color, particularly Black men, are disproportionately targeted; and in the economy and employment, from who moves forward in the hiring process to who receives funding from venture capitalists, Black?Americans and other minority groups are discriminated against in the workplace and economy-at-large. A study by the University of Washington finds?that around 30,800 people died from police violence between 1980 and 2018 in the US, which is about 17,100 higher than the official figure. It also indicates?that African Americans are 3.5 times more likely to be killed by police violence than white Americans.

The anger erupting across America is not just Black anger, but across racial lines. An article published on the website of The Jerusalem Post?of Israel notes?that American Jews are concerned about right-wing antisemitism and violence driven by white supremacist groups. According to annual surveys conducted by the American Jewish Committee, in 2020, 43% US Jews feel less secure than a year ago, and in 2017, 41% say antisemitism is a serious problem in the US, up from 21% in 2016, 21% in 2015, and 14% in 2013.

The bullying of?Americans of Asian descent?is increasing in the US. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, there have been growing?cases of Asian Americans humiliated or attacked in public places. Statistics from the US Federal Bureau of Investigation indicate?that hate crimes against people of Asian descent rose by 76%?in the US?in 2020. From March 2020 to June 2021, the organization Stop Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders Hate received over 9,000 incident reports.?A survey of young Asian Americans?on?the National Broadcasting Company?(NBC)?website shows?that in the past year, a quarter of young Asian Americans became targets of racial bullying, nearly half of the respondents expressed pessimism about their situation, and a quarter of the respondents expressed fear about the situation of themselves and their families.