Superbodies 奧運(yùn)特輯－跳水（雙語(yǔ)視頻）

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英文字幕：

Take a second to blink. Now do it again. That's the time this athlete has to nail a perfect dive. Not much time to get it right, but more than enough to get it wrong.

Hi, I'm Dr Greg Wells. Olympic divers are explosive competitors with incredible precision. They have to execute a complicated series of twists and somersaults, all while flying towards the pool at 50 km/h! This happens so quickly that medal winning performances are done unconsciously, without even thinking.

And to do that, divers rely upon what's called muscle memory. It all comes down to this: a cauliflower-looking piece of your brain known as the cerebellum. This is where the knowledge on how to perform movements is co-ordinated. Neurons programmed by years of training are set off. They're like a symphony of micro-fireworks, firing into the cerebellum.

But here's the catch. If divers think too much, or if they get distracted while they're in the air, blood flow to the cerebellum is shifted. It starts flowing here instead: to the thinking part of the cerebral cortex. And if that happens, the body forgets its programming, and mistakes are made. Total focus is the key. Because once they lift off, muscle memory kicks in, and they're on autopilot. The difference between winning or losing is just a blink away!

中文字幕：

請(qǐng)眨一下眼睛，再來(lái)一次，這就是跳水選手要做出完美一跳所用的時(shí)間。這點(diǎn)時(shí)間把動(dòng)作做對(duì)并不容易，但要出錯(cuò)卻綽綽有余。

我是維爾斯博士。奧運(yùn)跳水選手集爆發(fā)力和精準(zhǔn)度于一身。他們以50公里的時(shí)速飛墜游泳池的同時(shí)，要做出一系列復(fù)雜的扭轉(zhuǎn)和翻滾，動(dòng)作快得只能是在無(wú)意識(shí)下完成，完全不假思索。

跳水選手靠的是所謂肌肉記憶，其中原理是：腦組織有一塊像菜花的部分，稱(chēng)為小腦，這里負(fù)責(zé)協(xié)調(diào)動(dòng)作。經(jīng)多年訓(xùn)練的神經(jīng)元受到觸發(fā)，如同編排好的微型煙花組合，向小腦發(fā)射。

但沒(méi)這么簡(jiǎn)單。假如選手思考太多，或在空中分心，流向小腦的血液會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向，轉(zhuǎn)而流到這里，大腦皮層的思想部分。這樣，身體就會(huì)忘記編排好的程序，從而發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤。因此關(guān)鍵是絕對(duì)專(zhuān)心。他們一離開(kāi)跳板，肌肉記憶就生效，進(jìn)入自動(dòng)控制模式。勝敗之間，只有剎那！

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（Video provided by GE 編輯：Julie）