PEAR TUMMY
梨形肚

What Does It Look Like?
外觀

Even if you have a slim waist, you have a stubborn roll of fat around your bikini line along with a bigger bottom and saddle-bags on your hips, creating a pear-shaped look.
如果你屬于梨形身材，腰部雖少有贅肉，但下腹卻帶著一圈厚厚的脂肪，臀部肥大下垂，遠看呈梨形。

What Causes It?
成因

The reason for this weight gain is that some women suffer oestrogen dominance which can be genetic but may also be triggered by a range of complaints which unbalance the female sex hormones.
導致梨形身材的“元兇”，無疑是過多的雌性激素。有些女性天生如此，有些則受疾病困擾，導致體內激素紊亂。

Conditions include endometriosis, in which tissue that normally grows inside the uterus grows outside it and pumps out more oestrogen, and fibroids which are benign tumours of muscular tissue which grow inside the womb.
常見病癥如子宮內膜異位，即子宮內組織異常肥大，甚至長至宮外，分泌大量雌性激素，誘發良性子宮肌瘤。

Endometriosis affects up to one in ten women of childbearing age while three out of four women age 30 to 50 will develop fibroids at some stage.
十分之一的待產婦女深受子宮內膜異位之苦。而在30至50歲的婦女中，有四分之三有子宮肌瘤病史。

Women may also be exposed to too much oestrogen because they ingest high levels of the synthetic versions of the hormone in some farmed meats, water or residues from chemicals in plastics and water or from taking the contraceptive pill.
另外，蓄養肉類、飲用水、塑料制品、避孕藥中均含大量合成激素，攝入過多也會導致體內雌性激素水平飆升。

Oestrogen is responsible for laying down the feminine curves of a woman when she goes through puberty and creating more rounded buttocks and thighs and other fat stores ready for when she has a baby.
女性在青春期時，分泌大量雌性激素，身形因而變得婀娜多姿。而待產期間，雌性激素能夠促進脂肪合成，讓她們的臀部與大腿更為豐滿。

If the fat cells in these areas, which are very sensitive to female sex hormones, continue to be over-stimulated, the weight will continue to pile on, giving a woman a pear-shape.
激素水平持續走高，脂肪不斷堆積，體重便相應上升，梨形身材也由此形成了。

After menopause, unless a woman is on hormone replacement therapy, she will tend to lose this fat on her hips and thighs leaving her looking more apple, than pear shaped.
只要不接受激素替代治療，那么女性在絕經后臀部和大腿的脂肪就會減少，變成蘋果形身材。

How To Target It
甩肚秘訣

Avoid foods high in saturated fats which have been linked to higher levels of oestrogen.
少吃富含飽和脂肪的食物，因為它們會提高雌性激素水平。

Eating lots of tough-to-digest fibre, like seeds, and green leafy vegetables like spinach, can also help as it binds itself to extra oestrogen in your digestive tract and helps to remove it from the body.
多吃堅果等粗纖維食物。菠菜等綠葉蔬菜也是“脂肪殺手”，能分解過多的雌性激素，通過腸道排出體外。