久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

您現(xiàn)在的位置: Language Tips> Audio & Video> Special Speed News  
   
 





 
Getting inside the complex mind of a baby
[ 2009-08-06 15:21 ]

codebase="http://activex.microsoft.com/activex/controls/mplayer/en/nsmp2inf.cab#Version=6,4,5,715"

standby="Loading Microsoft Windows Media Player components...">

pluginspage="http://www.microsoft.com/isapi/redir.dll?prd=windows&ampsbp=mediaplayer&ampar=media&ampsba=plugin&"

name="MediaPlayer" volume="80" autostart="0">

Download

Recent findings about how intelligence develops.

VOICE ONE:

This is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS in VOA Special English. I'm Fritzi Bodenheimer.

VOICE TWO:

And I'm Bob Doughty. On our program this week, we discuss scientific findings about how intelligence develops in babies.

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

Not long ago, many people believed that babies only wanted food and to be kept warm and dry. Some people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old.

Yet doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life. The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development is a federal government agency. Its goal is to identify which experiences can influence healthy development in people.

Getting inside the complex mind of a baby

Research scientists at the Institute note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment. They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver. This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other people.

The American researchers say this ability to learn exists in a baby even before birth. They say newborn babies can recognize and understand sounds they heard while they were still developing inside their mothers.

A study last month from the Netherlands found evidence that unborn babies can remember sounds. Dutch researchers studied almost 100 pregnant women. They played sounds to the growing fetus and watched its movements with ultrasound devices. They found that by 30 weeks of development the fetus could remember a sound for ten minutes. By the 34 week, the fetus could remember the sound for four weeks.

VOICE TWO:

Many experts say the first years of a child's life are important for all later development. An American study shows how mothers can strongly influence social development and language skills in their children.

The study involved more than 1200 mothers and children. Researchers studied the children from the age of one month to three years. They observed the mothers playing with their children four times during this period.

VOICE ONE:

The researchers attempted to measure the sensitivity of the mothers. The women were considered sensitive if they supported their children's activities and did not interfere unnecessarily. They tested the children for thinking and language development when they were three years old. Also, the researchers observed the women for signs of depression.

The children of depressed women did not do as well on tests as the children of women who did not suffer from depression. The children of depressed women did poorly on tests of language skills and understanding what they heard.

These children also were less cooperative and had more problems dealing with other people. The researchers noted that the sensitivity of the mothers was important to the general health of their children. Children did better when their mothers were caring, even when the women suffered from depression.

(MUSIC)

VOICE TWO:

Another study suggests that low birth weight babies with no evidence of disability may be more likely than other children to have physical and mental problems.

American researchers studied almost five hundred boys and girls. They were born in, or admitted to, one of three hospitals in New Jersey between 1984 and 1987. At birth, each child weighed fewer than 2000 grams.

The boys and girls had an average age of sixteen at the time of the study. They were asked to complete intelligence and motor skill tests in their homes. Their test results were compared with those of other children their age.

The study found that the young people with low birth weight often had more problems with movement skills than others. These problems were more common among males, those with injured nerve tissue in the brain and those who had been connected to oxygen supplies for days as a baby.

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

Experts say the first three years of a child's life is the most intensive period of language and speech development. This is the time when the brain is developing. Language and communication skills are believed to develop best in an environment that is rich with sounds and sights. Also, the child should repeatedly hear the speech and language of other people.

The National Institutes of Health says evidence suggests there are important periods of speech and language development in children. This means the brain is best able to learn a language during this period. Officials say the ability to learn a language will be more difficult if these periods pass without early contact with a language.

VOICE TWO:

The first signs of communication happen during the first few days of life when a baby learns that crying will bring food and attention. Research shows that most children recognize the general sounds of their native language by six months of age. At that time, a baby also usually begins to make sounds. These sounds become a kind of nonsense speech over time.

By the end of the first year, most children are able to say a few simple words. But they may not understand the meaning of their words. By eighteen months of age, most children can say eight to ten words. By two years, most children are able to form simple statements, or sentences. By ages three, four and five, the number of words a child can understand quickly increases. It is at this age that children begin to understand the rules of language.

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

A long-term American study shows the effect of early education on future learning abilities. The study followed more than 1300 children from birth through the ages of ten or eleven. It found that children who received higher quality care before starting school had better language skills by those ages than children who had lower quality care.

The study is known as the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. It is said to be the largest, longest lasting and most complete study of child care in the United States.

VOICE TWO:

The children included in the study were born around 1991 in ten areas of the country. Researchers examined the quality and amount of child care the children received until they were four and one-half years old. Child care included any care provided by people other than the child's mother that lasted at least ten hours a week. This included any care given by fathers or other family members.

The researchers then examined each child's performance in school and social development. They also measured other influences, such as the quality of classroom education and parenting.

VOICE ONE:

The researchers examined whether the developmental qualities that had been observed in young children were still present a few years later. They found that the older children who had received higher quality child care continued to show better ability in tests of language skills.

Researchers tested the children's ability to name objects shown in a series of pictures. The study confirmed that a link between high quality child care and better test results continued as the children grew older. It also found that the children's ability was not dependent on the amount of time they had spent in child care.

(MUSIC)

VOICE TWO:

New studies looking into different influences on babies' intelligence are published each year. One such report was published earlier this year in the New England Journal of Medicine.

Researchers found that women's use of a medicine to treat the disease epilepsy during pregnancy may cause lowered intelligence in their children. Intelligence tests at age three showed up to a nine point difference in the children of mothers who took the drug valproate. As a result, the researchers suggest women of childbearing age should use other medicines for epilepsy.

(THEME)

VOICE ONE:

This SCIENCE IN THE NEWS was written and produced by Brianna Blake. I'm Fritzi Bodenheimer.

VOICE TWO:

And I'm Bob Doughty. You can find transcripts, MP3s and podcasts of our programs at voaspecialenglish.com. Join us again next week for more news about science in Special English on the Voice of America.

epilepsy: 癲癇癥

Related stories:

“寶貝老大”情結(jié)普遍 媽媽偏愛長(zhǎng)子長(zhǎng)女

Baby may have been tossed into river

Throw the baby out with the bath water

爸爸年齡大 孩子不聰明?

(Source: VOA 英語點(diǎn)津編輯)

英語點(diǎn)津版權(quán)說明:凡注明來源為“英語點(diǎn)津:XXX(署名)”的原創(chuàng)作品,除與中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)簽署英語點(diǎn)津內(nèi)容授權(quán)協(xié)議的網(wǎng)站外,其他任何網(wǎng)站或單位未經(jīng)允許不得非法盜鏈、轉(zhuǎn)載和使用,違者必究。如需使用,請(qǐng)與010-84883631聯(lián)系;凡本網(wǎng)注明“來源:XXX(非英語點(diǎn)津)”的作品,均轉(zhuǎn)載自其它媒體,目的在于傳播更多信息,其他媒體如需轉(zhuǎn)載,請(qǐng)與稿件來源方聯(lián)系,如產(chǎn)生任何問題與本網(wǎng)無關(guān);本網(wǎng)所發(fā)布的歌曲、電影片段,版權(quán)歸原作者所有,僅供學(xué)習(xí)與研究,如果侵權(quán),請(qǐng)?zhí)峁┌鏅?quán)證明,以便盡快刪除。
相關(guān)文章 Related Story
 
 
 
本頻道最新推薦
 
六成美國(guó)人支持二戰(zhàn)時(shí)向日本投原子彈
Drunk sexcapades
財(cái)富效應(yīng) wealth effect
10 killed in Chongqing storms
英青少年發(fā)“性短信”漸成風(fēng)
翻吧推薦
 
論壇熱貼
 
how to translate "死豬不怕開水燙"?
這些英文表達(dá) 搞錯(cuò)很尷尬
“形散而神不散”如何翻譯?
"街拍“怎么翻譯
阿甘正傳經(jīng)典語錄

 

久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

    高清成人免费视频| 成人黄色小视频在线观看| 日韩欧美国产不卡| 精东粉嫩av免费一区二区三区| 久久免费电影网| 91丝袜国产在线播放| 亚洲一区在线电影| 日韩欧美高清在线| 成人福利电影精品一区二区在线观看| 亚洲三级小视频| 在线不卡中文字幕| 国产东北露脸精品视频| 一区av在线播放| 日韩精品在线网站| jlzzjlzz欧美大全| 亚洲一级二级三级| 2023国产精品| 91国产免费观看| 麻豆高清免费国产一区| 国产精品久久久久久妇女6080| 欧美天天综合网| 国产一区二区主播在线| 亚洲精品免费在线观看| 精品美女一区二区| 91老师片黄在线观看| 老司机免费视频一区二区| 亚洲欧美在线高清| 日韩一区二区免费视频| 97精品电影院| 久久福利视频一区二区| 亚洲欧洲国产日本综合| 日韩欧美激情四射| 色激情天天射综合网| 精品在线播放免费| 一卡二卡三卡日韩欧美| 国产喂奶挤奶一区二区三区| 欧美日韩免费观看一区二区三区| 国产曰批免费观看久久久| 一区二区三区鲁丝不卡| 久久久久久久久久久99999| 欧美制服丝袜第一页| 国产精品538一区二区在线| 亚洲国产精品一区二区久久恐怖片 | 久久综合成人精品亚洲另类欧美| 91黄色免费观看| 国产美女在线精品| 亚洲 欧美综合在线网络| 欧美激情一区二区三区在线| 欧美一区午夜精品| 91成人看片片| 成人午夜私人影院| 老司机精品视频在线| 亚洲一区二区三区中文字幕在线| 久久久精品国产免费观看同学| 欧美剧情电影在线观看完整版免费励志电影| 懂色av一区二区三区免费观看| 蜜桃av一区二区在线观看| 伊人夜夜躁av伊人久久| 欧美激情综合五月色丁香| 91精品国产免费久久综合| 在线欧美日韩国产| www.日本不卡| 国产a精品视频| 精品一区精品二区高清| 图片区小说区国产精品视频| 综合激情成人伊人| 中文字幕乱码久久午夜不卡| 亚洲精品在线电影| 欧美一区二区私人影院日本| 在线观看日产精品| 91视频在线看| 9l国产精品久久久久麻豆| 国产河南妇女毛片精品久久久| 奇米一区二区三区| 天天综合色天天| 亚洲小说欧美激情另类| 17c精品麻豆一区二区免费| 欧美高清一级片在线观看| www一区二区| 精品日韩成人av| 日韩一区二区不卡| 亚洲国产视频在线| 最新国产成人在线观看| 国产精品伦一区| 欧美韩国一区二区| 国产亚洲欧美日韩俺去了| 亚洲精品一区二区三区影院| 欧美成人r级一区二区三区| 欧美一区二区精品在线| 91精品国产欧美一区二区| 777xxx欧美| 91精品国产麻豆| 欧美一级高清片| 日韩欧美高清dvd碟片| 日韩精品专区在线影院重磅| 欧美成人vr18sexvr| 欧美大黄免费观看| 精品国产乱码久久久久久浪潮| 日韩精品一区二区三区老鸭窝| 日韩精品中文字幕一区| 精品国产制服丝袜高跟| 精品久久久久99| 久久午夜国产精品| 久久久久成人黄色影片| 中文字幕精品一区二区精品绿巨人| 亚洲国产精品av| 中文字幕一区二区不卡| 亚洲青青青在线视频| 一区二区三区欧美亚洲| 亚洲高清不卡在线| 日本欧美肥老太交大片| 久久99国产精品尤物| 国产一区二区三区久久久 | 在线国产电影不卡| 欧美日韩在线播放一区| 56国语精品自产拍在线观看| 日韩久久久久久| 久久人人97超碰com| 国产精品欧美久久久久一区二区| 亚洲欧洲国产日本综合| 亚洲图片欧美视频| 裸体一区二区三区| 国产成人av电影在线播放| 暴力调教一区二区三区| 欧美中文字幕一区二区三区亚洲| 91精品国产综合久久久久久漫画| 欧美精品一区二区在线观看| 国产精品嫩草久久久久| 一区二区三区欧美| 美女脱光内衣内裤视频久久网站 | 精品噜噜噜噜久久久久久久久试看 | 亚洲精品美腿丝袜| 亚洲国产欧美在线| 美女精品一区二区| 懂色av一区二区在线播放| 在线观看日韩电影| 精品精品欲导航| 日本一区免费视频| 一区二区免费在线| 精品在线观看免费| 91亚洲大成网污www| 制服.丝袜.亚洲.中文.综合| 久久久久久久久久久黄色| 亚洲美女偷拍久久| 美女爽到高潮91| 99精品一区二区| 欧美高清一级片在线| 国产日韩精品一区二区三区 | 在线综合+亚洲+欧美中文字幕| 亚洲精品一区在线观看| 亚洲免费电影在线| 国内一区二区在线| 色丁香久综合在线久综合在线观看| 欧美一二三四在线| 国产精品久久久久一区| 日日夜夜一区二区| 大尺度一区二区| 91福利在线播放| 久久免费电影网| 性久久久久久久久久久久| 国产精一区二区三区| 欧美性欧美巨大黑白大战| 久久综合精品国产一区二区三区| 亚洲精品视频一区二区| 韩国欧美国产1区| 久久精品水蜜桃av综合天堂| 亚洲少妇最新在线视频| 蜜桃视频在线一区| 色国产精品一区在线观看| 亚洲精品一区二区三区福利| www.色综合.com| 日韩精品一区二区在线观看| 亚洲精品国产无天堂网2021| 国内外成人在线| 在线不卡一区二区| 亚洲少妇中出一区| 国产一区二区女| 7777精品久久久大香线蕉| 中文字幕一区二区视频| 加勒比av一区二区| 欧美日韩国产另类一区| 亚洲欧美怡红院| 国产精品1024| 日韩欧美亚洲国产精品字幕久久久| 一区二区在线免费| 丰满放荡岳乱妇91ww| 日韩精品在线看片z| 亚洲成va人在线观看| 91麻豆成人久久精品二区三区| 国产三级欧美三级日产三级99| 日韩国产欧美在线播放| 在线视频一区二区免费| 中文字幕制服丝袜一区二区三区| 麻豆精品在线看| 欧美蜜桃一区二区三区| 一区二区三区四区亚洲| av电影天堂一区二区在线| 国产色产综合色产在线视频| 老司机精品视频导航| 欧美一区二区三区在线视频|