久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

您現在的位置: Language Tips> Audio & Video> Special Speed News  
   
 





 
Punishment or reward: which works better on behavior?
[ 2009-10-21 17:10 ]

 

This is the VOA Special English Health Report.

Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior.

One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards. Researchers at Harvard University in the United States and the Stockholm School of Economics in Sweden did the study.

Punishment or reward: which works better on behavior?

They had about 200 college students play a version of the game known as the Prisoner's Dilemma. The game is based on the tension between the interests of an individual and a group.

The students played in groups of four. Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain equally. But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players, at a cost to the punisher.

Harvard researcher David Rand says the most successful behavior proved to be cooperation. The groups that rewarded it the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded it the least.

And the more a group punished itself, the lower its earnings. The group with the most punishment earned 25 percent less than the group with the least punishment. The study appeared last month in the journal Science.

The other study involved children. It was presented last month in California at a conference on violence and abuse.

Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups. More than 800 children were ages two to four the first time they were tested. More than 700 children were ages five to nine.

The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results with the first test. Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children whose parents did not.

The study says the IQs -- or intelligence quotients -- of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were. In the older group, the difference was almost three points.

Murray Strauss from the University of New Hampshire worked with Mallie Paschall from the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation. Professor Strauss has written extensively about physical punishment of children. He says the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development. He also looked at average IQs in other nations and found them lower where spanking was more common.

What do you think are the best ways to correct misbehavior? Share your comments at voaspecialenglish.com.

And that's the VOA Special English Health Report, written by Caty Weaver. I'm Steve Ember.

spank: to slap or smack with the open hand, esp on the buttocks (用手掌、拖鞋等)打……的屁股(Mother spanked her for being naughty.媽媽因為她調皮打她屁股。)

Related stories:

Childhood bed-wetting: some advice for parents

Deficits found in brain's reward system in A.D.H.D. patients

Learning sometimes is not enough of its own reward

Getting inside the complex mind of a baby

(Source: VOA 英語點津編輯)

英語點津版權說明:凡注明來源為“英語點津:XXX(署名)”的原創作品,除與中國日報網簽署英語點津內容授權協議的網站外,其他任何網站或單位未經允許不得非法盜鏈、轉載和使用,違者必究。如需使用,請與010-84883631聯系;凡本網注明“來源:XXX(非英語點津)”的作品,均轉載自其它媒體,目的在于傳播更多信息,其他媒體如需轉載,請與稿件來源方聯系,如產生任何問題與本網無關;本網所發布的歌曲、電影片段,版權歸原作者所有,僅供學習與研究,如果侵權,請提供版權證明,以便盡快刪除。
相關文章 Related Story
 
 
 
本頻道最新推薦
 
白葡萄酒的警告
Mainland women flood Hong Kong to give birth
英國大學學費可能再次漲價
萬圣節名人面具熱銷 杰克遜奧巴馬最火
釣魚執法 entrapment
翻吧推薦
 
論壇熱貼
 
萬圣節問題火熱征集!
翻譯達人評選,快來投票!
經典英語口語,不得不看(推薦)
I chocolate you!怎么翻譯?
請教obama演講里的一句話
 

 

久久久无码人妻精品无码_6080YYY午夜理论片中无码_性无码专区_无码人妻品一区二区三区精99

    亚洲素人一区二区| 亚洲电影一区二区三区| 成人亚洲精品久久久久软件| 中文字幕精品三区| 色综合天天狠狠| 亚洲午夜成aⅴ人片| 91精品麻豆日日躁夜夜躁| 久久99热99| 中文字幕成人av| 日本大香伊一区二区三区| 午夜视频在线观看一区二区| 日韩亚洲欧美高清| 国产精品18久久久久久久久| 欧美激情中文字幕| 欧美无乱码久久久免费午夜一区| 天堂资源在线中文精品| 久久夜色精品国产噜噜av| 成人av在线观| 亚洲va韩国va欧美va| 精品人在线二区三区| 日韩你懂的在线观看| 成人自拍视频在线| 亚洲成人激情自拍| 国产色产综合产在线视频| 色诱亚洲精品久久久久久| 免费在线观看日韩欧美| 亚洲国产高清aⅴ视频| 欧美日韩精品一区二区三区四区 | 97精品久久久久中文字幕| 亚洲国产日日夜夜| 久久久国产精品午夜一区ai换脸| 在线视频综合导航| 激情久久久久久久久久久久久久久久| 亚洲欧洲精品一区二区三区不卡| 91精品在线麻豆| 粉嫩av一区二区三区| 性感美女久久精品| 国产精品丝袜在线| 制服视频三区第一页精品| 成人自拍视频在线观看| 视频精品一区二区| 国产精品久久久久久久久图文区| 欧美一区二区网站| 91蜜桃免费观看视频| 久草这里只有精品视频| 依依成人综合视频| 国产调教视频一区| 91精品国产一区二区三区香蕉| www.日韩大片| 久久成人久久爱| 亚洲一区二区视频在线观看| 久久久精品2019中文字幕之3| 欧美日韩三级一区二区| 成人的网站免费观看| 麻豆免费看一区二区三区| 亚洲免费在线观看视频| 久久久噜噜噜久久中文字幕色伊伊| 欧美性欧美巨大黑白大战| 高清在线成人网| 日本在线观看不卡视频| 一区二区三区中文字幕精品精品| 久久综合色鬼综合色| 欧美日韩国产一二三| 91麻豆精品秘密| 粉嫩高潮美女一区二区三区| 久久97超碰国产精品超碰| 亚洲成人资源网| 亚洲欧美日韩国产中文在线| 国产婷婷一区二区| 精品女同一区二区| 欧美精品第1页| 色婷婷精品久久二区二区蜜臂av | 奇米影视一区二区三区| 一卡二卡欧美日韩| 中文字幕一区二区日韩精品绯色| 久久精品一区二区三区不卡 | 99久久综合精品| 国产一区二区三区不卡在线观看| 日本不卡的三区四区五区| 亚洲影院免费观看| 亚洲视频1区2区| 国产精品久久久久久久久免费相片| 久久久精品天堂| 日韩精彩视频在线观看| 亚洲高清免费视频| 一个色综合av| 亚洲综合一二区| 一区二区三区中文字幕在线观看| 日韩理论片在线| 亚洲三级免费电影| 日韩毛片精品高清免费| 亚洲欧洲色图综合| 亚洲手机成人高清视频| 国产精品人妖ts系列视频| 国产欧美一区视频| 欧美激情在线观看视频免费| 国产视频一区在线播放| 国产视频911| 国产欧美一区二区三区沐欲| 久久免费电影网| 精品88久久久久88久久久| 日韩视频免费直播| 欧美成人bangbros| 久久这里都是精品| 国产亚洲精品7777| 国产人成亚洲第一网站在线播放| 国产日产欧美一区| 国产精品久久久久久久午夜片 | 亚洲女厕所小便bbb| 亚洲视频 欧洲视频| 亚洲另类中文字| 亚洲成人一区二区| 丝袜亚洲另类丝袜在线| 蜜臀av一区二区在线观看| 日本sm残虐另类| 精彩视频一区二区| 国产福利精品一区| 成人在线综合网| 91啪在线观看| 欧美日韩在线一区二区| 欧美精品日韩精品| 欧美videofree性高清杂交| 久久精品日产第一区二区三区高清版| 国产日产欧美一区| 亚洲手机成人高清视频| 亚洲一区二区在线观看视频| 婷婷中文字幕综合| 精品一区二区三区在线播放| 国产成人精品www牛牛影视| 91日韩精品一区| 欧美日韩一区 二区 三区 久久精品| 337p亚洲精品色噜噜狠狠| 日韩亚洲欧美综合| 亚洲国产精品黑人久久久| 一区二区三区四区高清精品免费观看| 亚洲国产欧美在线人成| 麻豆国产精品官网| 国产成人av网站| 欧美综合一区二区三区| 欧美一区二区三区思思人| 久久综合国产精品| 亚洲人成人一区二区在线观看| 亚洲va天堂va国产va久| 国内偷窥港台综合视频在线播放| 成人黄动漫网站免费app| 欧美性生活大片视频| 精品久久久久久久人人人人传媒| 欧美经典一区二区| 亚洲精品日日夜夜| 免费观看久久久4p| 成人性视频免费网站| 欧美色欧美亚洲另类二区| 26uuu另类欧美亚洲曰本| 中文字幕在线不卡一区| 午夜精品久久久久久久99水蜜桃 | 国产一本一道久久香蕉| 91蝌蚪porny九色| 日韩欧美精品三级| 日韩一区欧美一区| 麻豆精品视频在线观看视频| 成人午夜电影久久影院| 欧美人妖巨大在线| 国产日韩欧美电影| 午夜私人影院久久久久| 亚洲精品一区二区三区香蕉| 国产精品夫妻自拍| 美脚の诱脚舐め脚责91 | 亚洲电影一级片| 国产福利精品一区| 欧美日韩精品系列| 国产精品美女久久久久高潮| 图片区小说区区亚洲影院| 成人午夜碰碰视频| 日韩一区二区免费在线观看| 亚洲色图欧美激情| 国产在线不卡一区| 欧美日韩另类国产亚洲欧美一级| 国产日韩在线不卡| 热久久久久久久| 色综合久久综合网欧美综合网 | 欧美精品一区二区三区很污很色的| 亚洲免费视频中文字幕| 极品少妇xxxx精品少妇| 欧美视频你懂的| 国产精品乱人伦| 精品在线一区二区| 欧美午夜影院一区| 国产精品免费aⅴ片在线观看| 麻豆91精品视频| 91国内精品野花午夜精品| 中文字幕+乱码+中文字幕一区| 日韩电影在线观看网站| 色天天综合久久久久综合片| 日本一区二区三区dvd视频在线| 日本午夜一本久久久综合| 在线免费视频一区二区| 国产精品久久毛片a| 激情图片小说一区| 欧美高清视频不卡网| 一区二区三区日韩欧美|