圍魏救趙

Besiege Wei to Rescue Zhao

原文 Content

共敵不如分?jǐn)常粩酬?yáng)不如敵陰。

英文注釋：When the enemy is too strong to attack directly, then attack something he holds dear. Know that in all things he cannot be superior. Somewhere there is a gap in the armor, a weakness that can be attacked instead.

探源 Origin

英文：In 354 BC, the state of Wei attacked Zhao and laid siege to its capital Handan. Zhao turned to Qi for help, but the Qi general Sun Bin determined it would be unwise to meet the army of Wei head on, so he instead attacked their capital at Daliang. When the Wei general Pang Juan heard that the capital was being attacked，he rushed his army back to defend the capital. The army of Wei retreated in haste, and the tired troops were ambushed and defeated at the Battle of Guiling. Zhao was thus rescued while Pang Juan barely escaped back to Wei to recoup his losses.

中文：公元前354年，魏國(guó)攻打趙國(guó)，并圍困其都城邯鄲。趙國(guó)急忙向齊國(guó)求救，但齊國(guó)軍師孫臏斷定與魏軍兵鋒相對(duì)非明智之舉，于是轉(zhuǎn)而突襲其在大梁的都城。魏國(guó)大將龐涓聽見都城被圍，便急忙回師解救。魏軍慌忙撤退，兵困馬乏之際又中了埋伏，在桂陵之戰(zhàn)中大敗。趙國(guó)因此得救，龐涓則勉強(qiáng)收拾殘部逃回了魏國(guó)。

詞匯 Vocabularies

hold: 這里指“認(rèn)為，持有（觀點(diǎn)，見解等）”，相當(dāng)于consider

armo(u)r: 盔甲，保護(hù)層，保障

lay siege to: 包圍，圍攻

retreat: 撤退，退避

haste: 此處作名詞，意思是急忙，慌忙；如：The more haste, the less speed.（欲速則不達(dá)。）

troop: 軍隊(duì)，部隊(duì)；troop（通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式troops）與army均可表示“軍隊(duì)，部隊(duì)”，但troops側(cè)重指構(gòu)成軍隊(duì)的士兵成員，且并不指?jìng)€(gè)別士兵，所以“派兵上前線”在英語(yǔ)中應(yīng)是send troops to the front；army則著重指軍隊(duì)的整體，且一般指陸軍，所以“參軍”在英語(yǔ)中應(yīng)是join/go into the army

ambush: 埋伏突襲，伏擊；如：ambush on all sides（十面埋伏）

recoup: 收回，重獲（所失去的東西）

總結(jié) Summary

對(duì)方找事的時(shí)候總是經(jīng)過精心準(zhǔn)備的，這個(gè)時(shí)候他們往往氣焰囂張，來勢(shì)兇猛，直接出戰(zhàn)迎敵勝算往往不會(huì)很高。所以我們需要做的就是揀其軟肋而痛之，讓他派出去的勢(shì)力疲于奔命，留守的勢(shì)力心急如焚，如此便可掌握主動(dòng)權(quán)，占了上風(fēng)。

相關(guān)閱讀

食品好吃 名稱難譯

“瞞天過海”怎么翻？

說說不起眼的it

句句是典故

（來源：滬江英語(yǔ) 編輯：崔旭燕）