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This demands rigorous reform by all nations, including the United States and the countries of Asia. We in the United States are in the middle of a necessary transition: we must save more and spend less. And we must not only save more and spend less, we must borrow less, as well. Our partners must meet this change with changes of their own. There is no way around it: Long-term growth requires stronger and broader-based domestic demand in today's high-saving Asian economies. This will raise living standards across the region, create jobs in America, improve business for many in this room, and help stabilize the global economy.

這要求包括美國(guó)和亞洲各國(guó)在內(nèi)的所有國(guó)家都大力實(shí)行改革。我們美國(guó)人正處在一個(gè)必要的轉(zhuǎn)型過程中：我們必須增加儲(chǔ)蓄，減少開支。我們不僅必須多存錢、少花錢，還必須少借錢。我們的合作伙伴也必須自行調(diào)整，以應(yīng)對(duì)上述這種變化。沒有任何迂回路徑：長(zhǎng)期增長(zhǎng)必須要靠今日高儲(chǔ)蓄的亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)體增加并擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)需求。這將提高整個(gè)地區(qū)的生活水平，在美國(guó)創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，讓在座許多人的生意更紅火，并幫助穩(wěn)定全球經(jīng)濟(jì)。

For years, my image of the global economy was an inverted pyramid resting on the shoulders of American women, since we are the primary consumers in the world. And therefore, it seems to me that that is no longer a sustainable model. And so we have to change how we do business internally and externally. And, above all, we must reach agreement on the rules and principles that will anchor our economic relationships in the coming decades.

多年來(lái)，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)在我看來(lái)好似一座坐落在美國(guó)婦女雙肩上的倒金字塔，因?yàn)槲覀兪侨澜绲闹饕M(fèi)者。因此，在我看來(lái)這不再是一個(gè)可持續(xù)的模式。所以我們必須改變我們?cè)趪?guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)外從事商業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)的方式。而最重要的是，我們必須就能在今后幾十年穩(wěn)固我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系的規(guī)則和原則達(dá)成一致。

Last March in APEC meetings in Washington, I laid out four attributes that I believe characterize healthy economic competition. And these are very simple concepts, easy to say, hard to do: open, free, transparent, and fair. Hong Kong is helping to give shape to these principles and is showing the world their value.

今年3月在華盛頓舉行的亞太經(jīng)合組織會(huì)議上，我闡述了我認(rèn)為健康的經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)應(yīng)當(dāng)具備的四個(gè)特征。這些概念簡(jiǎn)單明了，但知易行難——開放、自由、透明、公平。香港正在幫忙使上述原則具體化，正在向全世界展示它們的價(jià)值。

First, we must seek an open system where any person anywhere can participate in markets everywhere.

首先，我們必須努力建立一個(gè)開放的體系，讓任何地區(qū)的任何人都能參與任何一處市場(chǎng)。

Second, we must seek a free system, one in which ideas, information, products and capital can flow unimpeded by unnecessary or unjust barriers. That is why President Obama has mobilized a government-wide effort to attract foreign investment to America. Now, in the past, foreign investment has been seen as controversial. But today we know it helps create growth and jobs, and it can attract American dollars held overseas back into the US economy. As we welcome investors to our country, we hope that all investors, including those from America, will receive an enthusiastic welcome overseas.

其次，我們必須努力建立一個(gè)自由的體系，讓創(chuàng)意、信息、產(chǎn)品和資本能夠自由流通，不被不必要或不公平的壁壘所阻礙。正是出于這個(gè)原因，奧巴馬總統(tǒng)已調(diào)動(dòng)政府各部門努力將外國(guó)投資吸引到美國(guó)。而在過去，外國(guó)投資曾被視為是有爭(zhēng)議的。但現(xiàn)在，我們知道外國(guó)投資有助于創(chuàng)造增長(zhǎng)和就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，還能將海外持有的美元吸引回美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)中。在我們歡迎投資者到我國(guó)投資的同時(shí)，我們也希望包括美國(guó)投資者在內(nèi)的所有投資者都能在海外受到熱情歡迎。

Third, we must seek a transparent economic system. Rules and regulations need to be developed out in the open through consultation with stakeholders. They must be known to all and applied equally to all. Hong Kong is a testament to the power of transparency, good governance, the rule of law, freedom of the press, an independent judiciary, and a vibrant civil society, all of which help to explain why so many people choose to do business here.

第三，我們必須努力建立一個(gè)透明的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系。規(guī)則和規(guī)章應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)與利益相關(guān)者共同磋商公開制定。它們必須為所有各方所了解，并平等適用于所有各方。香港展示了透明、良治、法治、新聞自由、司法獨(dú)立和一個(gè)欣欣向榮的公民社會(huì)的力量，所有這些都有助于說(shuō)明為什么這么多人選擇在香港從事商業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)。

Openness, freedom and transparency contribute to the fourth principle we must ensure: fairness. Fairness sustains faith in the system. That faith is difficult to sustain when companies are forced to trade away their intellectual property just to enter or expand in a foreign market, or when vital supply chains are blocked. These kinds of actions undermine fair competition, which turns many off from competing at all.

開放、自由和透明都為我們必須保障的第四項(xiàng)原則創(chuàng)造了條件，這就是公平。公平能夠保持人們對(duì)這個(gè)體系的信任。當(dāng)公司企業(yè)為了開辟或擴(kuò)大一個(gè)外國(guó)市場(chǎng)而不得不以其知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)作交換時(shí)，或當(dāng)關(guān)鍵的供應(yīng)鏈被切斷時(shí)，這種信任便難以維持。這類行為有損于公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，挫傷了很多人的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)意愿。

A growing number of countries in Asia are proving the value of these principles. And the United States deeply believes in them, because their value has been proven time and again, not only in times of prosperity but also in times of hardship, as well. At the end of the Vietnam War, there was a thriving commentary around the world on the idea of America’s economic decline. That seems to be a theme that kind of repeats itself every couple of decades. But all the while, then and now, these principles were nurturing a system of entrepreneurship and innovation that allowed two college students to found a small tech startup called Microsoft. And today, they are helping power companies like Solyndra, a green-energy startup in California that began producing solar panels in 2007 and now installs them in more than 20 countries worldwide.

越來(lái)越多的亞洲國(guó)家正在證明上述原則的價(jià)值。美國(guó)堅(jiān)信上述原則，因?yàn)槠鋬r(jià)值一次又一次地得到驗(yàn)證，不僅是在繁榮時(shí)期，而且是在困難時(shí)刻。在越戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時(shí)，全世界有關(guān)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的言論流行一時(shí)。這種言論似乎每隔20年便會(huì)再次冒頭。然而，從過去到現(xiàn)在，上述原則扶持了一個(gè)鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)業(yè)和創(chuàng)新的體系，這個(gè)體系促使兩名大學(xué)生創(chuàng)立了一家名叫微軟的小型科技公司。今天，上述原則正在扶植著像加州綠色能源初創(chuàng)公司Solyndra這樣的能源公司，這家公司自2007年起開始生產(chǎn)太陽(yáng)能板，現(xiàn)在他們的太陽(yáng)能板被用于全世界20多個(gè)國(guó)家。