北外2012年碩士研究生入學考試試題

2012-06-04 15:17

招生專業：英語同聲傳譯

科目名稱：英漢互譯（考試時間3小時，滿分150分，全部寫在答題紙上，答在試題頁上無效）

一、將下列段落譯為漢語（25分）

Fifteen years ago at the Fourth World Conference on Women. Governments pledged to advance equality, development and peace for all women everywhere. The landmark Beijing Declaration has had a deep and wide-ranging impact. It has guided policymaking and inspired new national laws. It has sent a clear message to women and girls around the world that equality and opportunity are their inalienable rights. There are many examples of progress, thanks in large part to the resolute efforts of civil society organizations. A growing number of countries have legislation that supports sexual and reproductive health and promotes gender equality.

Nonetheless, much work remains. Maternal mortality remains unacceptably high, too few women have access to family planning, and violence against women remains a cause for global shame. In particular, sexual violence during conflict is endemic.

One key lesson of the past decade and a half is the importance of addressing broader discrimination and injustice. Gender stereotyping and discrimination remain common in all cultures and communities. Early and forced marriage. sexual abuse and trafficking of young women and girls are disturbingly prevalent and, in some areas, on the rise. Whether looking through the lens of poverty. or in times of disaster, we see that women still bear the greatest burden.

15年前，在第四次婦女問題世界會議上，各國政府承諾為造福世界各地所有婦女而推進平等、發展與和平。具有劃時代意義的《北京宣言》影響深遠，成為決策的指南，成為制定國家新法律的靈感所在，同時清楚地告訴世界各地的婦女和女孩：平等和機會是她們不可剝奪的權利。進步的實例有許許多多，在很大程度上是民間社會組織堅定努力的結果。越來越多的國家已立法支持增進性健康和生育健康，促進男女平等。

盡管如此．需要做的工作還很多。孕婦死亡率仍然高居不下，令人無法接受；能獲得計劃生育服務的婦女為數太少；暴力侵害婦女行為仍遍及全球，令人蒙羞。沖突期間的性暴力行為尤其普遍。

過去l5年給我們的一條重要經驗是：處理更廣范圍內的歧視和不公，至關重要。性別陳規觀念和性別歧視在各文化和族群之中仍普遍存在。早婚和逼婚、性暴力及販運年輕婦女和女孩的行為盛行不止，在某些地區甚至有增無減，令人不安。不論在貧困之中，還是在災難之時，婦女都仍然承受最沉重的負擔。

二、將下列短文譯為漢語（50分）

Central Bankers: Stop Dithering. Do Something.

Both the American economy and the global economy are facing a familiar foe: policy defeatism. Throughout modern economic history, whether in Western Europe in the 1920s. in the United States in the 1930s, or in Japan in the 1990s, every major financial crisis has been followed by premature abandonment - if not reversal - of the stimulus policies that are necessary for sustained recovery. Sadly: the world appears to be repeating this mistake.

The right thing to do right now is for the Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank to engage in further monetary stimulus. Having lowered short-term interest rates, they should buy (or in the case of the Fed, resume buying) significant quantities of government securities to help push down long-term interest rates and encourage investment.

As many have observed. we need to rebalance the economy from imports to exports, from private consumption to savings, from tax breaks to infrastructure rebuilding and from the financial sector to everything else. The process of rebalancing will require movement of capital from older industries and activities to newer ones -that is, investment. Moreover, a lot of what was termed "investment" during the boom years was misallocated - wasted - capital. so many productive projects were ignored.

But investment has been held back because of uncertainty over the economy's future prospects. And the ability to attract investors is being limited by the giant burden of private-sector debt, In other words, a financing problem is inhibiting the restructuring of our economy. Alleviating generalized financing problems and low investor confidence is precisely what monetary stimulus does.

Some claim that monetary easing will impede restructuring. But this makes no sense. For all the talk that monetary austerity promotes the "creative destruction" necessary for the economy to recover. it does not work that way.

中央銀行：別再驚慌和猶豫，行動起來

美國經濟和世界經濟都面臨著一個熟悉的敵人：政策的失敗。縱觀現代經濟史，上個世紀中，不管是二十年代的西歐，還是三十年代的美國，或是九十年代的日本，每一次主要的金融危機之后，政府都過早放棄了為了使經濟持續復蘇所必須的刺激政策，甚至是反其道而行之。可悲的是，今天的世界正在重復這個錯誤。

現在應該做的事情是美聯儲和歐洲央行采取進一步的貨幣刺激。通過調低短期利率，他們應該買進（或者在美聯儲的情況下，繼續購買）重大數量的政府債券，以幫助推低長期利率，并鼓勵投資。

正如許多人觀察到的，我們需要重新平衡經濟，從進口到出口，從個人消費到儲蓄，從稅收減免到基礎設施重建，從金融部門到其他一切部門。這個調整的過程需要把資本從傳統行業和行為中轉到新興行業—即進行投資。而且，在經濟繁榮期我們曾經稱之為”投資”的諸多行為中，資本被配置不當…被浪費…導致許多有生產性的項目被忽略。

但是不管怎樣，由于現在對未來經濟前景的不確定，投資己受到阻礙。而且，私營部門里存在龐大的債務負擔也抑制了吸引投資的能力。換句話說，資金問題阻礙了我們調整經濟結構。緩解普遍性的資金問題和提高投資者的信心是貨幣刺激切實要做的事。

有些人說貨幣的寬松政策會阻礙經濟結構重組，但這說不通。還有許多觀點認為，貨幣緊縮會促進“創造性破壞”，從而使經濟復蘇，實際上這也行不通。

三、將下列段落譯為英語（25分）

我們要大力發展社會事業。堅持優先發展教育，穩步提升全民受教育程度。堅持自主創新、重點跨越、支撐發展、引領未來的方針，完善科技創新體系和支持政策，著力推進重大科學技術突破。研究與試驗發展經費支出占國內生產總值比重達到2.2%，促進科技成果更好地轉化為生產力。適應現代化建設需要，加強人才培養，努力造就規模宏大的高素質人才隊伍。大力加強文化建設，推動文化改革發展實現新跨越，滿足人民群眾不斷增長的精神文化需求。

We need to make full effort to develop social undertakings. Education will remain a priority to steadily raise the level of literacy of the society as a whole. Home spun and forward looking innovation will be boosted to facilitate cutting age changes in key areas and serve further national development. The system and policies aiming at fostering innovation will be improved to pave the way for major breakthroughs in scientific and technologic discoveries. Share of R&D spending in GDP will increase to 2.2% with more effective schemes to commercialize the research outputs. Human capital development will be strengthened to form a vast supply of brain power to help achieve China's modernization program. Cultural reforms will be promoted to explore unchartered territories and meet the public's growing demand for recreational and artistic fulfillment.

四、將下列短文譯為英語（50分）

我認識一位從中國來美國的暑期交換學生，她告訴我一件她覺得奇怪的事情。她寄宿在一個美國人的家里。這家夫婦倆都是律師，有4個從上高中到小學的男孩。那個人家房子很大，有游艇（恐怕不止一只）和私人飛機，非常富有的樣子，生活卻很簡單。有一次，父母兩人出外度假，臨走前在家里的大冰箱里為留在家里的4個孩子放好一模一樣大小的4份食品，不分大小，每人一份。而且，還給他們每人分配一份工作，修整草地、洗游泳池、清理廚房、廁所等等。這4個孩子，大的食品不夠吃，小的吃不了。大的向小的要，小的就以代做自己那一份家事為條件，把吃不了的分一些給大的。

這確實是一個典型的美國家庭，說它典型，不是說它擁有的財產（這個家庭顯然要比許多其他美國家庭富有），而是說它的價值觀。

I know a Chinese student who came to the United States on a summer exchange program. She told me about the things she found hard to understand about the American family where she had her home stay'. The couple were both lawyers and had four children, all boys but in various stages of schooling from primary to senior high. They had a large house, a yacht and a private jet. Despite the trappings of great wealth, their lifestyle was surprisingly straightforward. For example, the parents went on vacation once. Before their departure, they left in the freezer four equal portions of food for the kids and assigned them specific house chores, mowing the lawn, scrubbing the pool and sprucing up the kitchen or the bathroom. The older boys who found their rations insufficient would have to trade with their younger siblings who could use their surplus supply as bargaining chips to reduce their share of the burden to keep the house proper and clean. I actually think this is a typical American family, but certainly not in the financial sense for its material possessions went way beyond an average household. It is typical because of the underlying social values it represents.