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（二）大力推進改革開放，注重制度建設和創新

2. Working hard on reform and opening up, concentrating on institutional development and innovation.

全面深化農村改革。以鄉鎮機構、農村義務教育和縣鄉財政管理體制改革為主要內容的農村綜合改革，取得階段性重要成果。放開糧食收購市場，實現了糧食購銷市場化。集體林權制度改革進行了成功探索。供銷合作社、國有農場等改革進展順利。

Rural reforms were deepened across the board. Major progress was made in the current stage of the overall rural reform, mainly consisting of reform of town and township government bodies, reform of the rural compulsory education system and reform of the fiscal systems at the county and township levels. Government control of grain purchasing was lifted, and the purchase and sale of grain are now market based. Successful trials were carried out in reforming the system of collective forest rights. Smooth progress was made in the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives and state-owned farms.

堅持完善基本經濟制度。鞏固和發展公有制經濟，推進國有資產管理體制改革和國有經濟布局與結構調整，建立和完善國有資產出資人制度。加快國有企業股份制改革，一批具有國際競爭力的大公司大企業集團發展壯大。郵政體制改革順利進行，電力、電信、民航、鐵路等行業改革取得積極進展。2006年，全國國有企業資產總額比2002年增長60.98%，實現利潤增長2.23倍，稅收增長1.05倍。國有經濟活力、控制力和影響力明顯增強。制定和實施一系列政策措施，進一步營造公平競爭的法制環境和市場環境，鼓勵、支持和引導個體私營等非公有制經濟發展。非公有制經濟在促進經濟增長、擴大就業、增加稅收和活躍市場等方面，發揮著越來越大的作用。

Continued progress was made in improving the basic economic system. We consolidated and developed the public sector of the economy, made progress in reform of the management system for state-owned assets and adjustment of the distribution and structure of the state sector of the economy, and set up and improved a system for investors of state assets. We accelerated the reform to institute a stockholding system in SOEs, and a number of large companies and conglomerates with the ability to compete internationally were formed. Reform of the postal service system proceeded smoothly, and encouraging progress was made in reforming the power, telecommunications, civil aviation and railway industries. The total value of assets of Chinese SOEs in 2006 grew by 60.98% compared to 2002, their total profits increased by 223%, and their tax contributions grew by 105%. The vitality of the state sector and its impact and influence on the economy as a whole were greatly enhanced. We formulated and implemented a series of policies and measures to foster a legal framework and market environment conducive to fair competition, and encouraged, supported and guided the development of the nonpublic sector, which includes individual-proprietorship businesses and private enterprises. As a result, the nonpublic sector of the economy is playing an increasingly bigger role in stimulating economic growth, creating jobs, increasing tax revenue, and invigorating the market.

大力推進金融、財稅體制改革。針對國有商業銀行經營管理不善、金融風險加劇的狀況，我們果斷地推進了改革。中國工商銀行、中國銀行、中國建設銀行和交通銀行完成股份制改造并成功上市，資產質量和盈利能力明顯提高，銀行業發生了重大變化。堅定地進行上市公司股權分置改革，解決了這個長期困擾證券市場發展的制度性問題。重點國有保險企業重組改制上市，促進了保險業迅速發展。利率市場化改革邁出實質性步伐。實施人民幣匯率形成機制改革，匯率彈性逐步增強。外匯管理體制改革全面推進。財稅體制改革進一步深化，財政轉移支付制度和公共財政制度逐步完善。2003年到2007年，中央財政對地方的轉移支付累計4.25萬億元，87%用于支持中西部地區。在部分企業試行國有資本經營預算制度。啟動和擴大增值稅轉型改革試點。統一內外資企業所得稅制度。建立國家統一的職務與級別相結合的公務員工資制度，初步規范了津貼補貼制度。投資體制改革和價格改革取得新進展。

We vigorously promoted reform of the banking, fiscal and taxation systems. We resolutely carried out reform addressing the poor performance and greater financial risks of state-owned commercial banks. The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the Bank of China, the China Construction Bank and the Bank of Communications were turned into stockholding companies and listed on stock markets. This brought about significant improvement in the quality of their assets and profitability as well as major changes in the banking industry. We resolutely carried out reform of the shareholder structure in listed companies and resolved this longstanding institutional problem that hindered the development of the securities market. Key state-owned insurance firms were reorganized and went public, promoting rapid development of the insurance industry. Substantive progress was made in making interest rates more market-based. We reformed the RMB exchange rate regime to gradually make the exchange rate more flexible. Comprehensive progress was made in reform of the system for managing foreign exchange. Reform of the fiscal and taxation systems was deepened, and the system of transfer payments and the system of public finance were steadily improved. The central government turned over 4.25 trillion yuan in transfer payments to local governments from 2003 to 2007, with 87% of it allocated to the central and western regions. A budget system for managing state capital was introduced in some enterprises on a trial basis. We launched and expanded trials to reform the value-added tax. The income tax systems for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises were unified. A unified state civil servant salary system based on both position and rank was set up, and the system of subsidies and allowances was basically standardized. Further progress was made in reform of the investment system and pricing system.

加強市場體系建設。生產要素市場化程度穩步提高。商品流通現代化步伐加快。土地和礦產資源市場秩序、產品質量和食品藥品安全等專項整治取得明顯成效，保護知識產權力度加大，嚴厲打擊了制假售假、非法傳銷、商業欺詐、盜版侵權等違法犯罪活動。

Work to develop the market system was intensified. Market forces played an increasingly important role in trade in the factors of production. The modernization of commodity distribution was accelerated. Significant achievements were made in the effort to rectify order in the markets for land and mineral resources and improve the quality of products and the safety of food and drugs. Protection of intellectual property rights was strengthened, and we severely cracked down on violations of the law such as the production and sale of counterfeit goods, pyramid schemes, commercial fraud, piracy and infringement on others' rights.

堅持擴大對外開放。我們認真履行加入世界貿易組織各項承諾，積極做好過渡期各項工作。深化涉外經濟體制改革，促進貿易投資便利化。放開外貿經營權，大幅度降低關稅，取消進口配額、許可證等非關稅措施，金融、商業、電信等服務業開放不斷擴大。進出口商品結構逐步優化。利用外資質量進一步提高。實施“走出去”戰略邁出堅實步伐，對外經濟互利合作取得明顯成效。

We continued to open China wider to the outside world. We honored all the commitments we made when we entered the World Trade Organization and made all the required adjustments for the transition period. We deepened reform of the externally oriented economic system to facilitate trade and investment. We lifted controls over access to foreign trade, greatly lowered tariffs, rescinded non-tariff measures such as import quotas and permits, and opened banking, commerce, telecommunications and other service sectors wider. There was gradual improvement in the mix of imports and exports. There was further improvement in the utilization of foreign capital. The "go global" strategy was resolutely implemented and significant results were obtained in mutually beneficial economic cooperation with other countries.