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(三)推進經濟結構調整，轉變發展方式　　

3. Promoting economic adjustment and changing the pattern of development.

堅持擴大內需方針，調整投資和消費關系，促進經濟增長由主要依靠投資、出口拉動向依靠消費、投資、出口協調拉動轉變。關鍵是合理控制固定資產投資規模，著力優化投資結構。堅持嚴把土地、信貸閘門和市場準入標準，特別是要加強和規范新開工項目管理，嚴格執行項目新開工條件。堅決控制高耗能、高排放和產能過剩行業盲目投資和重復建設，提高限制發展行業的準入標準和項目資本金比例。違法違規建設項目要堅決停建。加大對經濟社會發展薄弱環節、重點領域和中西部地區的支持力度。從嚴控制新增建設用地特別是工業用地，今年土地利用計劃總規模控制在去年水平。要適應新形勢、新情況，加強和改進對社會各類投資活動的引導、調控和監管。　　

We will continue to boost domestic demand, adjust the balance of investment and consumption, and promote the shift from the pattern of economic growth that relies mainly on investment and exports to one that relies on a balanced combination of consumption, investment and exports. It is essential to appropriately control the scale of fixed asset investment and improve the investment structure. We will maintain strict control over the availability of land, credit and market access, and pay particular attention to strengthening and standardizing supervision of new projects to ensure they meet all the conditions for launching. Haphazard investment and unneeded development projects in energy intensive and highly polluting industries and industries with excess production capacity will be resolutely stopped, and market access will be tightened and capital requirements will be increased for industries whose development is discouraged. Work on illegal projects will be resolutely stopped. We will increase support for weak links and key areas in economic and social development and give more support to the central and western regions. We must tighten control over the amount of land used for development projects, especially for industrial purposes, and hold the total amount of land used this year to last year's level. We must respond to new conditions and situations by improving guidance, regulation and oversight for all types of investment activities in the country.

堅持把推進自主創新作為轉變發展方式的中心環節。要認真落實國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃綱要，全面啟動和組織實施大型飛機、水體污染控制與治理、大型油氣田及煤層氣開發等國家重大專項。實施基礎研究、高技術研究和科技支撐計劃。著力突破新能源汽車、高速軌道交通、工農業節水等一批重大關鍵技術。推進國家創新體系建設，重點建設一批國家實驗室、國家工程中心、面向企業的創新支撐平臺和企業技術中心，加強科技基礎能力建設。深化科技管理體制改革，統籌和優化科技資源配置。今年中央財政將安排科技支出1134億元，比上年增加134億元。完善和落實支持自主創新的政策，充分發揮企業作為技術創新主體的作用，鼓勵、引導企業增加研發投入。加大政府采購對自主創新產品的支持力度。擴大創業風險和投資試點范圍。實施知識產權戰略，加強國際科技合作。　

We will continue to promote independent innovation as the central link in efforts to change the pattern of development. We need to diligently implement the Outline of the National Program for Long- and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development and fully launch and implement key national projects, including those to develop large aircraft, control pollution in bodies of water, and develop large-scale oil and gas fields and coal seam gas operations. We will carry out plans for basic research, high-tech research, and research to provide scientific and technological support for development. We will work to make major breakthroughs in key technologies for producing vehicles powered by new energy sources, developing high-speed railway transport and saving water in industries. We will promote development of the national innovation system, focusing on building a number of national laboratories, national engineering centers, platforms to support enterprise innovation and enterprise technology centers to strengthen China's science and technology infrastructure. We will deepen reform of the management system for science and technology and coordinate and improve resource distribution. The central government will spend 113.4 billion yuan on science and technology in 2008, a year-on-year increase of 13.4 billion yuan. We will improve and implement the policy to support independent innovation, get enterprises to fully play their role as the main parties responsible for technological innovation, and encourage and guide them to increase investment in R&D. We will integrate the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes and develop innovative enterprises. Government procurement of products produced through independent innovation will be increased. Trials in the use of venture capital will be expanded. We will implement the intellectual property rights strategy. We will expand scientific and technological cooperation with other countries.　　

推進產業結構優化升級。堅持走中國特色新型工業化道路，推進信息化與工業化融合。著力發展高新技術產業，大力振興裝備制造業，改造和提升傳統產業，加快發展服務業特別是現代服務業。繼續實施新型顯示器、寬帶通信與網絡、生物醫藥等一批重大高技術產業專項。充分發揮國家高新技術開發區的集聚、引領和輻射作用。圍繞大型清潔高效發電設備、高檔數控機床和基礎制造裝備等關鍵領域，推進重大裝備、關鍵零部件及元器件自主研發和國產化。加強地質工作，提高資源勘查開發水平。積極發展現代能源原材料產業和綜合運輸體系。　　

We will promote improvement and upgrading of the industrial structure. We will keep to the new path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics and promote integration of IT application with industrialization. We will work to develop new- and high-technology industries, reinvigorate the equipment manufacturing industry, upgrade traditional industries and accelerate the development of service industries, particularly modern services. We will continue the major projects to apply high technologies in the production of new-type displays, broadband communications and network equipment, and biomedicine. We will get national new and high technology development zones to fully play their role in pooling resources, guiding development and boosting development in surrounding areas. We will promote domestic R&D and production of important equipment and key spare parts and components, with the focus on key areas such as large clean and highly efficient power generating units, high-grade digital machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment. We will give higher priority to geological work to improve prospecting for and exploitation of natural resources. We will strongly develop the modern energy and raw materials industries and better integrate the transportation system.

促進區域協調發展。深入推進西部大開發，開工建設一批重點工程，支持重點地區優化開發。繼續搞好天然林保護、防沙治沙、石漠化治理，落實退耕還林后續政策。組織實施東北地區振興規劃，支持先進裝備制造業發展和資源枯竭型地區經濟轉型。編制和實施促進中西部崛起計劃，落實并完善相關政策。鼓勵東部地區率先發展，著力提升國際競爭力。進一步加大對革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區、貧困地區發展的扶持力度。制定并實施主體功能區規劃和政策。

We will promote balanced development among regions. We will extensively promote the large-scale development of the western region, and launch a number of key projects and support the development of key areas on a priority basis. We will continue to protect natural forests, prevent and control desertification, and reverse and prevent the development of stony deserts, and will implement a follow-up policy to consolidate progress made in converting retired farmland to forests. We will implement the plan to reinvigorate northeast China, and support the development of advanced equipment manufacturing and modern agriculture and the economic transformation of areas depending on resources that are now exhausted. We will formulate and implement a plan to boost development of the central region and implement and improve relevant policies. We will encourage the eastern region to lead the country in development and improve its international competitiveness. We will give more support to old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas to help them develop. We will adopt and implement a plan and policy for development priority zones.　　

(四)加大節能減排和環境保護力度，做好產品質量安全工作　

4. Increasing efforts to conserve energy, reduce emissions and protect the environment, and ensuring product quality and safety.　　

今年是完成“十一五”節能減排約束性目標的關鍵一年，務必增強緊迫感，加大攻堅力度，力求取得更大成效。

This year is crucial for meeting the obligatory targets for energy conservation and emissions reduction set forth in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, and we must increase our sense of urgency and intensify efforts to make greater progress.

一是落實電力、鋼鐵、水泥、煤炭、造紙等行業淘汰落后生產能力計劃。建立淘汰落后產能退出機制，完善和落實關閉企業的配套政策措施。同時，按照規劃加強這些行業先進生產能力的建設。　

First, we will implement the plan to close down backward production facilities in the electricity, steel, cement, coal and papermaking industries. We will also put in place a mechanism for closing down these facilities and improve and implement support policies and measures for shutting down enterprises. In addition, we will step up efforts to develop advanced production facilities in these industries in accordance with the plan.　　

二是抓好重點企業節能和重點工程建設。加快十大重點節能工程實施進度。提高城鎮污水處理能力，力爭用兩年的時間在36個大城市率先實現污水的全部收集和處理。適當提高排污費、污水處理費和垃圾處理費標準。完善和嚴格執行建筑標準，大力推進墻體材料革新和建筑節能。穩步推進城鎮供熱體制和市政公用事業改革。

Second, we will focus on energy conservation in key enterprises and construction of key projects. We need to accelerate work on the ten major energy conservation projects. We will increase the urban sewage treatment capacity and strive to reach the goal of 100% collection and treatment of sewage in 36 large cities within two years. Charges for discharging wastewater and for sewage treatment and garbage disposal will be appropriately raised. Building standards will be upgraded and strictly enforced to encourage the development of better wall materials and construction of energy-efficient buildings. We will make steady progress in reforming the urban heating system and public utilities. 　　三是開發和推廣節約、替代、循環利用資源和治理污染的先進適用技術，實施節能減排重大技術和示范工程。大力發展節能服務產業和環保業。開發風能、太陽能等清潔、可再生能源。　　Third, we will develop and apply advanced and appropriate technologies to save, replace and reuse resources and control pollution, and carry out projects to develop and demonstrate major energy conservation and emissions reduction technologies. We will energetically develop the energy conservation service industry and the environmental protection industry. We will develop clean and renewable energy sources such as wind power and solar energy. 　　四是做好“三河三湖”、南水北調水源及沿線、三峽庫區和松花江等重點流域污染防治工作，實施渤海環境保護總體規劃。提高重點流域水污染物的國家排放標準。　　Fourth, we will prevent and control pollution in key river valleys and regions, including the Huai, Hai, Liao and Songhua rivers, Tai, Chao and Dianchi lakes, the sources and routes of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and the Three Gorges Reservoir area. We will implement the master plan for protecting the environment of the Bohai Sea. National standards will have stricter limits for discharge of pollutants in key river valleys.

五是加強農村飲用水水源地保護，推進農村生活污染治理，嚴格控制農村地區工業污染，加強畜禽、水產養殖污染治理，控制農業面源污染。　

Fifth, we will intensify protection of rural drinking water sources, and work to control sewage and garbage pollution and industrial pollution in rural areas. We will also strengthen control of pollution from livestock and poultry farming and aquaculture as well as agricultural nonpoint source pollution.

六是鼓勵和支持發展循環經濟，促進再生資源回收利用。全面推行清潔生產。

Sixth, we will encourage and support the development of a circular economy and promote recycling and reuse of renewable resources. We will also promote cleaner production in all industries. 　

七是加強土地、水、草原、森林、礦產等資源的保護和節約集約利用，嚴厲查處亂采濫挖礦產資源等違法違規行為。搞好海洋資源保護和合理利用，發展海洋經濟。加強氣象、地震、測繪基礎研究和能力建設。　　

Seventh, we will strengthen efforts to protect, conserve and intensively use natural resources, including land, water, grasslands, forests and minerals, and take stern measures to combat illegal mining of mineral resources. We will effectively protect marine resources, use them wisely, and develop the marine economy. We will intensify China's basic research efforts in meteorology, earthquake science, and surveying and mapping to strengthen these areas.

八是實施應對氣候變化國家方案，加強應對氣候變化能力建設。　　

Eighth, we will implement the national plan to respond to climate change to strengthen China's ability to respond to climate change. 　　

九是完善能源資源節約和環境保護獎懲機制。執行節能減排統計監測制度，健全審計、監察體系、加強執法力度，強化節能減排工作責任制。　　

Ninth, we will improve the mechanism for rewarding those who conserve energy and resources and protect the environment and punishing those who waste energy and resources and harm the environment. We will also employ statistical and monitoring systems for conserving energy and reducing emissions, and improve the auditing and supervision systems, increase law enforcement efforts, and tighten the accountability system for energy conservation and emissions reduction. 　

十是增強全社會生態文明觀念，動員全體人民更加積極投身于資源節約型、環境友好型社會建設。節約資源和環境保護要一代一代人持之以恒地進行下去，讓我們的祖國山更綠，水更清，天更藍。　

Tenth, we will enhance public awareness of the importance of a culture of conservation and encourage the entire nation to participate in building a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society. Resource conservation and environmental protection must continue from generation to generation to make our mountains greener, waters cleaner and skies bluer.