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2009年政府工作報告

Report on the Work of the Government

各位代表：現在，我代表國務院，向大會作政府工作報告，請予審議，并請全國政協委員提出意見。

Fellow Deputies, On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval. I also solicit comments and suggestions on the report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

一、2008年工作回顧

I. Review of the Work in 2008

2008年是極不平凡的一年。我國經濟社會發展經受住了歷史罕見的重大挑戰和考驗。在中國共產黨領導下，全國各族人民迎難而上，奮力拼搏，戰勝各種艱難險阻，改革開放和社會主義現代化建設取得新的重大成就。

The year 2008 was truly eventful. Our country’s economic and social development withstood severe challenges and tests that were rarely seen before. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the people of all our ethnic groups faced difficulties squarely, worked with courage and determination, surmounted all difficulties and obstacles, and made new achievements in reform, opening up and socialist modernization.

——國民經濟繼續保持平穩較快增長。國內生產總值超過30萬億元，比上年增長9%；物價總水平漲幅得到控制；財政收入6.13萬億元，增長19.5%；糧食連續五年增產，總產量10570億斤，創歷史最高水平。

–The national economy continued to maintain steady and rapid growth. GDP topped 30 trillion Yuan, an increase of 9% over the previous year. Overall price rises were held in check. Government revenue was 6.13 trillion Yuan, an increase of 19.5%. Grain output rose for the fifth consecutive year and totaled 528.5 million tons, a record high.

 ——改革開放深入推進。財稅、金融、價格、行政管理等重點領域和關鍵環節的改革取得新突破。進出口貿易總額2.56萬億美元，增長17.8%。實際利用外商直接投資924億美元。

–Reform and opening up were further deepened. New breakthroughs were made in reforms in key areas and crucial links, such as the fiscal, taxation, financial and pricing systems and administration. Imports and exports totaled US$ 2.56 trillion, an increase of 17.8%. Paid-in foreign direct investment reached $92.4 billion.

——社會事業加快發展，人民生活進一步改善。城鎮新增就業1113萬人；城鎮居民人均可支配收入15781元，農村居民人均純收入4761元，實際增長8.4%和8%。

–Development of social programs was accelerated, and the living standards of the people continued to rise. A total of 11.13 million more urban residents entered the workforce. Urban per capita annual disposable income reached 15,781 Yuan, an increase of 8.4% in real terms, and rural per capita net income reached 4,761 Yuan, up by 8% in real terms.

——全面奪取抗擊特大自然災害的重大勝利。成功舉辦北京奧運會、殘奧會。圓滿完成神舟七號載人航天飛行。

–Great victories were won in the fight against massive natural disasters. The Beijing Olympics and Paralympics were held successfully, and the Shenzhou VII manned space mission was a complete success.

這些成就，標志著我國在中國特色社會主義道路上邁出新的堅實步伐，極大地增強了全國各族人民戰勝困難的勇氣和力量，必將激勵我們在新的歷史征程上繼續奮勇前進。

These achievements signify that we have taken new and solid steps along the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. They have greatly fortified the courage and strength of the people of all our ethnic groups to surmount difficulties and will definitely encourage us to bravely forge ahead on the new historical course.

一年來，我們做了以下主要工作：

 Last year, we accomplished the following important work:

（一） 及時果斷調整宏觀經濟政策，全力保持經濟平穩較快發展

1. Making timely and resolute adjustments to macroeconomic policies and doing everything possible to maintain steady and rapid economic development

我們正確把握宏觀調控的方向、重點、力度和節奏，采取一系列促進經濟平穩較快發展的政策措施，在復雜多變的形勢下，積極應對國際金融危機的嚴重沖擊，努力增強調控的預見性、針對性和有效性。年中，在國際能源和糧食價格處于高位、世界經濟增長放緩的情況下，針對沿海地區出現出口和經濟增速下滑苗頭，及時把宏觀調控的首要任務調整為―保持經濟平穩較快發展，控制物價過快上漲‖，并采取了一些有針對性的財稅金融措施。

We maintained the right direction, focus, intensity and pace of macro control, and adopted a series of policies and measures to promote steady and rapid economic development. In a complex and volatile situation, we actively responded to the severe impact of the global financial crisis and worked hard to make our macro control more proactive, targeted and effective. In the middle of the year, when energy and grain prices on the international market were high, world economic growth slowed, and exports from and economic growth in China’s coastal regions began to decline, we promptly shifted the priority of macro control to maintaining steady and rapid economic development and controlling price hikes, and adopted relevant fiscal, taxation and financial measures.

9月份后，國際經濟形勢急轉直下，對我國的不利影響明顯加重，我們又果斷地把宏觀調控的著力點轉到防止經濟增速過快下滑上來，實施積極的財政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策。三次提高出口退稅率，五次下調金融機構存貸款基準利率，四次下調存款準備金率，暫免儲蓄存款利息個人所得稅，下調證券交易印花稅，降低住房交易稅費，加大對中小企業信貸支持。按照出手要快、出拳要重、措施要準、工作要實的要求，迅速推出進一步擴大內需、促進經濟增長的十項措施，爭分奪秒地加以落實；接連出臺金融支持經濟發展、促進輕紡工業健康發展、促進房地產市場健康發展、搞活流通擴大消費和保持對外貿易穩定增長、穩定就業等政策措施，加快制定重點產業調整振興規劃。

In September, the international economic situation started to deteriorate sharply and its negative impact became increasingly felt in China. We again resolutely shifted the focus of macro control to preventing economic growth from slowing down too quickly. We implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy. We raised export rebate rates three times, lowered the benchmark interest rates on savings and loans for financial institutions on five occasions, reduced required reserve ratios four times, suspended the individual income tax on interest earnings from savings, reduced securities transaction stamp tax rates, cut taxes and fees on housing transactions, and increased credit support to small and medium-sized enterprises. In accordance with the requirement that we act fast, be forceful, take targeted measures and stress implementation, we promptly introduced ten measures to further boost domestic demand and promote economic growth, and implemented them without delay. We adopted a succession of policies and measures to encourage financial institutions to support economic development, promote sound development of the textile and other light industries and the real estate market, expand consumption by improving distribution, maintain steady growth in foreign trade, and keep the employment situation stable. At the same time, we stepped up efforts to formulate plans for restructuring and revitalizing key industries.

這些措施對緩解經濟運行中的突出矛盾、增強信心、穩定預期、保持經濟平穩較快發展，發揮了至關重要的作用。

Together, these measures have played a crucial role in alleviating serious problems affecting economic performance, enhancing confidence, stabilizing expectations and maintaining steady and rapid economic development.

毫不放松地加強―三農‖工作。全年中央財政用于―三農‖的投入5955億元，比上年增加1637億元，增長37.9%，其中糧食直補、農資綜合補貼、良種補貼、農機具購置補貼資金達1030億元，比上年增長一倍。三次較大幅度提高糧食最低收購價，提價幅度超過20%。實施主要農產品臨時收儲政策。加強耕地保護和農田水利建設，提高農業綜合生產能力。扶持生豬、油料、奶業發展。這些政策措施在保護和調動農民積極性、保障重要農產品供給、增加農民收入方面發揮了重要作用，為穩定經濟社會發展全局提供了有力支撐。

We continued to strengthen our work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers without any letup. Central government budgetary spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers was 595.5 billion Yuan for the whole year, a year-on-year increase of 163.7 billion Yuan or 37.9%. This included 103 billion Yuan, twice the figure for the previous year, in direct subsidies to grain producers, general subsidies for agricultural production supplies, and subsidies for superior crop varieties and the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools. We significantly raised minimum grain purchase prices three times, with the total increase exceeding 20%. We implemented a temporary policy for purchasing and stockpiling major agricultural products. We intensified the protection of arable land and the construction of agricultural water conservancy projects, and increased overall agricultural production capacity. We supported the production of hogs, oilseeds and dairy products. These policies and measures played an important role in maintaining and stimulating the enthusiasm of farmers, ensuring the supply of major farm products and increasing rural incomes, and provided strong support for maintaining overall stability in economic and social development.

堅定不移地推進自主創新和經濟結構調整。實施16個國家重大科技專項。在信息、生物、環保等領域新建一批國家工程中心、重點實驗室和企業技術中心。成功研發支線飛機、新能源汽車、高速鐵路等一批關鍵技術和重大裝備。中央財政科技投入1163億元，增長16.4%。電信、航空等行業重組邁出重要步伐。

We unswervingly promoted independent innovation and economic restructuring. We launched 16 major national science and technology projects, and established a number of new national engineering centers, key laboratories and enterprise technology centers in such fields as information technology, biotechnology and environmental protection. We successfully developed a number of key technologies and major equipment in the areas of regional aircraft, automobiles powered by new energy sources and high-speed railways. The central government invested 116.3 billion Yuan in science and technology, an increase of 16.4%. Significant steps were taken in reorganization of the telecommunications and civil aviation industries.

繼續淘汰落后產能，全年關停小火電1669萬千瓦，關閉小煤礦1054處。加大基礎設施和基礎產業投資力度，在能源、交通、水利等方面建成和開工一批重大項目。扎實推進區域發展總體戰略，區域經濟發展協調性增強。

We continued to eliminate backward production facilities. Last year, we shut down small thermal power plants with a total capacity of 16.69 million kilowatts and closed 1,054 small coalmines. Investment in infrastructure and basic industries was increased, and a number of major projects in energy, transportation and water conservancy were completed or launched. Steady progress was made in implementing the master strategy for regional development, and economic development in different regions became better coordinated.

堅持不懈地推動節能減排和生態環境保護。中央財政安排423億元資金，支持十大重點節能工程和環保設施等項目建設。全國新增城市污水日處理能力1149萬噸，新增燃煤脫硫機組容量9712萬千瓦。單位國內生產總值能耗比上年下降4.59%，化學需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別減少4.42%和5.95%。

We steadfastly promoted energy conservation, emissions reduction and ecological and environmental protection. The central government allocated 42.3 billion Yuan to support development of ten key energy conservation projects and environmental protection facilities. The daily sewage treatment capacity rose by an additional 11.49 million tons in urban areas, and desulfurization equipment was installed in coal-fired power plants with a total capacity of 97.12 million kilowatts. Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 4.59% from the previous year; chemical oxygen demand fell by 4.42%; and sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 5.95%.

近三年累計，單位國內生產總值能耗下降10.08%，化學需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別減少6.61%和8.95%。鞏固退耕還林還草成果，推進天然林、青海三江源等生態保護和建設工程。實施重點流域、區域水污染防治規劃。發布了《中國應對氣候變化的政策與行動》白皮書。

For the past three years combined, total energy consumption per unit of GDP dropped by 10.08%; chemical oxygen demand dropped by 6.61%; and sulfur dioxide emissions dropped by 8.95%. We built on the achievements in returning farmland to forests and restoring livestock pastures to grasslands, and carried out ecological conservation projects such as protecting virgin forests and developing the Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve in Qinghai Province. We implemented the plan to prevent and control water pollution in major river valleys and regions and issued the white paper China's Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate Change.